Psychology Ch. 18

Front 1

Attitude

Back 1

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

Front 2

Prejudice

Back 2

An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

Front 3

Social-facilitation

Back 3

Stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

Front 4

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 4

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when 2 of our thoughts are inconsistent.

Front 5

Discrimination

Back 5

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members.

Front 6

Foot-in-the door Phenonmenon

Back 6

When someone is asked to do something small at first but then will agree to do something much larger at a later time.

Front 7

Attribution Theory

Back 7

Suggests how we explain someone's behavior- by creating either the situation or the person's disposition.

Front 8

Normative Social Influence

Back 8

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or disapproval.

Front 9

Social Trap

Back 9

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Front 10

Bystander Effect

Back 10

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Front 11

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 11

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Front 12

Scapegoat Theory

Back 12

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Front 13

Just-World Phenomenon

Back 13

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Front 14

Self-Disclosure

Back 14

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

Front 15

Superordinate Goals

Back 15

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Front 16

In-group Bias

Back 16

The tendency to favor one's own group.

Front 17

Group-think

Back 17

The model of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Front 18

Conformity

Back 18

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Front 19

Conflict

Back 19

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

Front 20

Passionate love

Back 20

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

Front 21

Social Psychology

Back 21

The scientific study of how we think about, influences, and relate to one another.

Front 22

Social Loafing

Back 22

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal then when individually accountable.

Front 23

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Back 23

The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Front 24

Equity

Back 24

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

Front 25

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 25

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situations and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Front 26

In-group

Back 26

"Us"- people with whom one shares a common identity.

Front 27

Out-group

Back 27

"Them"- those perceive as different or apart from one's in-group.

Front 28

Group Polarization

Back 28

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Front 29

De-individuation

Back 29

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in the group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Front 30

Companionate Love

Back 30

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Front 31

Social- Responsibility Norm

Back 31

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.

Front 32

Aggression

Back 32

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

Front 33

Stereotype

Back 33

A generalized belief about a group of people.

Front 34

Altruism

Back 34

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Front 35

Reciprocity Norm

Back 35

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Front 36

GRIT

Back 36

Graduated Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction
-Created to help reduce international tension.

Front 37

Social Exchange Theory

Back 37

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.