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34 Cards in this Set
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eclectic approach
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an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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psychotherapy
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treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
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psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
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resistance
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in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
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interpretation
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in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
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transference
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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
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psychodynamic therapy
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therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.
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insight therapies
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a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
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client-centered therapy
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a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facillitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
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active listening
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empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.
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unconditional positive regard
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a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.
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behavior therapy
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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
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counterconditioning
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a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.
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exposure therapies
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behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
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systematic desensitization
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a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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virtual reality exposure therapy
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An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
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aversion conditioning
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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior, (such as drinking alcohol).
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token economy
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
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cognitive therapy
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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
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family therapy
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therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at , other family members.
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regression toward the mean
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the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
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meta-analysis
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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
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evidence-based practice
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clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
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biomedical therapy
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prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system.
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psychopharmacology
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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
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antipsychotic drugs
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drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
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tardive dyskinesia
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involuntary movement of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.
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antianxiety drugs
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drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
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antidepressnat drugs
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drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
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repetitive transcrainial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
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psychosurgery
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surgery that removes or destorys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
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lobotomy
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a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollable emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connection the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain.
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