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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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The reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives and behavior that distinguish one person from another.
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According to Freud the human mind is like an _________?
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Iceberg
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What are the three regions of the "Human Iceberg"?
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Conscious
Preconscious Unconscious |
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Conscious
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Self-aware. The region that pokes through into the light of awareness.
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Preconscious
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Capable of being brought into awareness by the focus of attention.
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Unconscious
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The mind is "shrouded in mystery". Contains biological instincts such as sex and aggression.
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*Short Answer*
ID, Ego & Superego |
ID - Devil on Shoulder, Demands instant gratification.
Ego - Stands for reason and good sense, for rational ways of coping with frustration.The reality principal. Superego - Angel on Shoulder. shaped by the moral standards and values of parents. |
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Regression
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Return under stress to a former behavior characteristic or an earlier stage of developement.
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Rationalization
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The use of self-deceiving justifications for unacceptable behavior.
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Libido
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Sex Drive - The psychic energy involving sexual impulses.
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Freud's five stages of psychosexual development.
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1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic Stage 4. Latency Stage 5. Genital Stage |
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Oral Stage
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First years of life.
Gratification is obtained primarily through oral activities. |
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Anal Stage
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2 to 3 Years
Gratification is attained through concentration and relaxation of the muscles that control elimination of waste products from the body. The general issue is of self control. |
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Phallic Stage
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Ages 3 to 5 or 6
Gratification is obtained throught the phallic region. |
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Latency Stage
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6 to Puberty
A phase characterized by the repression of sexual impulses. Prefer to play with children of their own gender. |
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Genital Stage
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Puberty On
Interested in the opposite gender. Sexual attraction and urges occur. Gratification is acheived by having intercourse with someone of the opposite gender. |
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Traits
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Reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior and give rise to consistant behavior.
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Introversion
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Intense imagination and the tendency to inhibit impulses.
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Extroversion
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Tendencies to be socially outgoing and express feelings and impulses freely combined with emotional stability versus instibility.
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What are the five components of the Five-Factor Model?
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Extraversion
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Openness Neuroticism |
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Learning-Theory Perspective
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Personality is plastic and is shaped by situational variables, not internal variables.
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Carl Roger's Self Theory
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People shape their own personality through free choice and action.
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Frames of Reference
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Unique ways of looking at ourselves and the world.
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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Accept people as having intrinsic merit regardless of their behavior at the moment.
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Conditional Positive Regard
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Judgement of another person's value on the basis of the acceptability of that persons behaviors.
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Individualist
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Tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.
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Collectivists
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Tend to define themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong and to give priotity to the groups goals.
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Personality tests can be:
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Objective of Projective
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Objective Tests
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Present respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionaire.
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Forced-Choice Format
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Respondants are asked to indicate which of two statements is more true for them.
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The MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
Most widely used test in clinical work. Contains hundreds of true/false questions. Helps to diagnose psycological disorders.
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Beck Depression Inventory
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A 21 question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression.
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Projective Tests
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People are shown ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or drawings and asked to say what they look like. No right or wrong answer.
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The Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Individuals are shown inkblots and asked what they look like. Most widely used.
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What is the most widely used projective personality test?
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The Rorschach Inkblot Test
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The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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The test consists of drawings and subjects make up stories about them.
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House-Tree-Person Test
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The test taker is asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person.
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