Psychology Ch 11 Personality

Front 1

11.1
What is personality?

Back 1

Personality is an Individual's unique and relatively consistant patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.

Front 2

11.2
What 3 things contibute to personality?

Back 2

Thinking
Feeling
Behaving

Front 3

11.3
What is Personality Theory?

Back 3

Personality Theory-Attempts to describe and explain people's patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.

Front 4

11.4
The Personality Theory attempts to do what 2 things?

Back 4

It attempts to describe and explain.

Front 5

11.5
What are the 4 Basic perspectives?

Back 5

1. Psychoanalytic.
2. Humanistic.
3.Social cognitive.
4. Trait.

Front 6

11.6
Freuds Psychoanalytic approach emphasized the importance of what 2 forces that determine behavior?

Back 6

Unconscious motives and conflicts.

Front 7

11.7
What are Freuds 3 structures of personality?

Back 7

1. Id
2.Ego
3. Superego

Front 8

11.8
What is the ID?

Back 8

Id- The psychic structure, present at birth, that represents physchological drives and is fully unconscious.

Front 9

11.9
The Id represents what structure, what drives and is fully what?

Back 9

psychic structure
physiological drives
and is fully unconscious.

Front 10

11.10
What is the pleasure principle?

Back 10

THe pleasure principle is the governing principle of the ID; the seeking of immediate gratification of instinctive needs.

Front 11

11.11
What is the governing principle of the Id?

Back 11

The Pleasure Principle.

Front 12

11.12
What are 2 characteristics of the pleasure principle?

Back 12

1. Doesn't know how to delay instant gratification.
2. Living for today and not planning for tomorrow.

Front 13

11.13
What is the Ego?

Back 13

The Ego is the second psychic structure to develop,characterized by self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification.

Front 14

11.14
The Ego is the second psychic structure to develop with what 3 characteristics?

Back 14

1. Self-awareness
2.Planning
3.delay of gratification.

Front 15

11.15
The Ego wants to do what?

Back 15

Take care of the Id's wants.

Front 16

11.16
What is the reality principle?

Back 16

The reality principle is consideration of what is practical and possible in gratifying needs; the governing principle of the Ego.

Front 17

11.17
The reality principle - consideration of what is 1 and 2 in 3 needs.

Back 17

1. practical
2. possible
3. gratifying needs.

Front 18

11.18
Reality principle is the what of the Ego?

Back 18

governing principle.

Front 19

11.19
What is the Superego?

Back 19

The superego is the third psychic structure, which functions as the moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior.

Front 20

11.20
What are the functions of the superego?

Back 20

To be the moral guardian and set high standards for behavior.
It manages the ego's desires.

Front 21

11.21
What is the Moral Principle?

Back 21

Moral Principle- The governing principle of the superego, which sets moral standards and enforces adherence to them.

Front 22

11.22
Moral Principle is the governing principle of the what? It sets what and does what to them?

Back 22

governing principle of the superego.
It sets moral standards and enfoces adherance to them.

Front 23

11.23
In Freud's Psychosexual Development - Freud stated what?

Back 23

Freus stated that too much or too little gratification in these areas could result in fixation.

Front 24

11.24
What are the 5 stages of Freuds Psychosexual Development.

Back 24

1. Oral- Birth to 18 months
2. Anal- 1-3 years of age
3. Phallic- 3-6 years of age.
4. Latency- 6-12 years of age
5. Genital- 12/13- Adulthood.

Front 25

11.25
What are some examples of
the Oral stage.

Back 25

oral fixations
babies putting everything in their mouth.
cigarettes, biting nails.

Front 26

11.26
What are some examples of
Anal stage?

Back 26

Potty training
neat vs. slob
anal retentive

Front 27

11.27
What are some examples of
Phallic and Latency stages?

Back 27

Social skills
acting in an acceptable manner

Front 28

11.28
What are some examples of the
Genital stage?

Back 28

Puberty
Sexual ,aggressive flow in acceptable ways.

Front 29

11.29
Freud said that ----- is the price we pay for ------------.

Back 29

Freud said that anxiety is the price we pay for civilization.
The Id,ego.superego tug-of-war = anxiety.

Front 30

11.30
Defense mechanisms are the way the ----- does what?
How?

Back 30

Defernse mechanisms are the way the ego protects itself.
By reducing or redirecting anxiety.

Front 31

11.31
What is Repression?

Back 31

Repression: Banishes anxiety- arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness.

Front 32

11.32
What is an example of Repression?

Back 32

Whan you feel relief at the death of a long suffering family member.

Front 33

11.33
What is Regression?

Back 33

Regression allows one to retreat to an earlier, more infantile stage of development.

Front 34

11.34
What is an example of Regression?

Back 34

suck your thumb or wet the bed as a child - trauma = repeating the behaviors.
Quit smoking- Stress= smoking again.

Front 35

11.35
What is Denial?

Back 35

Denial is the refusal to face the nature of a threat.

Front 36

11.36
What is a Trait?

Back 36

A relitively stable aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistant behavior.

Front 37

11.37
Trait Theory is less concerned with ------ individual traits than --------- them.

Back 37

Less concerned with explaining individual traits than describing them.

Front 38

11.38
What are the Big 5 categories of traits?

Back 38

1.Extraverson
2.Agreeableness
3. Conscientiousness
4. Neuroticism
5. Openness to experience.
5. Conscientiousness.

Front 39

11.39
What is extraversion?

Back 39

Contrasts talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity with silence, passivity and reserve.(Measures intesity of social interactions)

Front 40

11.40
What is agreeableness?

Back 40

Contrasts kindness, trust, and warmth with hostility, selfishness, and distrust.
(Measures quality of one's interpersonal orientation)

Front 41

11.41
What is Consciousness?

Back 41

Contrasts organization, thoroughness, and reliabillity with carelessness, negligence, and unreliability.
(It measures one's dependability)

Front 42

11.42
What is Neuroticism?

Back 42

Contrasts nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli with coping ability. (Measures emotional stability)

Front 43

11.43
What is Openness to experience?

Back 43

Contrasts imagination, curiosity, and creativity with shallowness and lack of perspective.
(Measures open-mindedness)

Front 44

11.44
What 3 of the Big 5 wane after college?

Back 44

1.Emotional stability
2. Extraversion
3. Openness.

Front 45

11.45
What 2 of the Big 5 are stable?

Back 45

1. Neuroticism
2. Agreeableness.

Front 46

11.46
Which of the Big 5 measures social interactions?

Back 46

Extraversion

Front 47

11.47
Which of the Big 5 measures
interpersonal orientaion?

Back 47

Agreeableness

Front 48

11.48
Which of the Big 5 measures one's dependability?

Back 48

Conscientiousness

Front 49

11.49
Which of the Big 5 measures
emotional stability?

Back 49

Neuroticism

Front 50

11.50
Which of the Big 5 measures open-mindedness?

Back 50

Openness to experience.

Front 51

11.51
What trait increases during one's 30's?

Back 51

Agreeableness

Front 52

11.52
Heritability of individual differences run about ----% for each dimension?

Back 52

50%
2 parents extroverted = 50% chance kid extroverted.

Front 53

11.53
The Big 5 describe personality in cultures
"------- ---------"

Back 53

"reasonably well"

Front 54

11.54
Morning types scored higher in "---------" demension, evening types scored higher in ----------- dimension.

Back 54

Morning types=conscientiousness

Evening types=extraverted dimensions.

Front 55

11.55
Humanistic Psychology - view of personailty that emphasizes what 5 things?

Back 55

1. inherent goodness in people
2. human potential
3. self-actualization
4.self-concept
5.healthy personality development.

Front 56

11.56
Who were the 2 major contributors to Humanistic psychology?

Back 56

1. A. Maslow
Hierarchy of needs.
2. Carl Rogers

Front 57

11.57
What is the Actualizing tendency?

Back 57

The innate drive tomaintain and enhance the human organism.

Front 58

11.58
What is Self-Concept?

Back 58

The set of perconceptions and beliefs you have about your self.

Front 59

11.59
What is Positive Regard?

Back 59

Sense of being loved and valued by other people.

Front 60

11.60
What are the 2 types of Positive regard?

Back 60

1. Conditional
2.Unconditional

Front 61

11.61
Conditional positive regard is?

Back 61

One is loved and valued ONLY if one behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.

Front 62

11.62
What is Incongruence?

Back 62

Self-concept conflicts with actual experience.
(going against the grain)

Front 63

11.63
Unconditional positive regard is?

Back 63

One is loved and valued even when one doesn't conform to the standards and expectations of others.

Front 64

11.64
Carl Rogers felt that: Through consistant experiences of ----- ------ one becomes a psychologically ------, fully functioning person.

Back 64

Through consistant experiences of unconditional positive regard one becomes a psychologically healthy, fully functioning person.

Front 65

11.65
One has a --------, constantly evolving -----_---------.

Back 65

One has a flexible,constantly evolving self-concept.

Front 66

11.66
Rogers also felt that:
One has a flexible, constantly evolving ------_-------.
Sene of self is consistant with one's -------- and ---------.
Which is?

Back 66

One has a flexible, constantly evolving self-concept.
Sense of self is consistant with one's emotions and experiences. Which is CONGRUENCE.

Front 67

11.67
Social/Cognitive Perspective is what?

Back 67

1 of the 4 basic perspectives of personality.

Front 68

11.68
Social/Cognitive Theory- Emphasizes the importance of what 5 things?

Back 68

1. Observational learning
2.conscious cognitive processes
3. social experiences
4. self-efficacy beliefs.
5.reciprocal determinism.

Front 69

11.69
What is Obervational Learning?

Back 69

Learning takes place through observing the actions of others.
-Classical/operant conditioning emphasize the role of direct experiences and punishment/reward.

Front 70

11.70
What is Conscious cogntive processes/social experiences?

Back 70

People actively process information from their social experiences.
-this influences goals, beliefs, and behavior.

Front 71

11.71
What is Self-efficacy?

Back 71

Degree to which you are convinced of your own capabilities and effectiveness in meeting the demands of a situation.

Front 72

11.72
What is Reciprocal Determinism?

Back 72

Human behavior and personality is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive and environmental factors.

Front 73

11.73
Personality Tests are:
Are an -_--- not a -----_---.
Taken out of context are -------
Used with other ----,----,------.

Back 73

X-ray not a crystal ball
Taken out of context are useless.
Used with other tests, therapy,concerns.

Front 74

11.74
What are the 2 types of personality tests?

Back 74

1. Objective
2.Projective

Front 75

11.75
Objective tests are:?

Back 75

Tests whose items must be answered in a specific, limited manner.
Concrete answers."Forced-choice format".
Examples:
Meyers-Briggs and MMPI

Front 76

11.76
Projective tests are:?

Back 76

A test that presents ambiguous stimuli onto which the test-taker projects his or her own personality in making a response.
Example: Rorschach Inkblot
Thematic Apperception test.