Psychology And The Law: Chapter 1

Front 1

to be an accurate eyewitness, people must complete these three stages of memory processing; there are sources of error at each of the three stages

Back 1

acquisition, storage, retrieval

Front 2

the process by which people notice and pay attention to information in the environment; people cannot perceive everything that is happening around them, so they acquire only a subset of the information available in the environment

Back 2

acquisition

Front 3

the process by which people store in memory information they have acquired from the environment

Back 3

storage

Front 4

the process by which people recall information stored in their memory

Back 4

retrieval

Front 5

the finding that people are better at recognizing faces of their own race than those of other races

Back 5

own-race bias

Front 6

the process whereby memories for an event become distorted by information encountered after the even has occurred

Back 6

reconstructive memory

Front 7

the process whereby people try to identify the source of their memories

Back 7

source monitoring

Front 8

those factors that are present at the scene of the crime, which cannot be changed e.g., dark weather

Back 8

estimator variables

Front 9

those factors that can be manipulated to increase (or decrease) eyewitness accuracy e.g., the type of lineup the witness is exposed to

Back 9

system variables

Front 10

which is likely a more accurate eye witness?

"I compared everyone in the lineup, thought about it, and decided it was the defendant"

or

"I knew it was the defendant as soon as I saw him in the lineup"

Back 10

"I knew it was the defendant as soon as I saw him in the lineup" - research has shown that people are most accurate when they make their judgment quickly - in 10 seconds or less.

Front 11

a machine that measures people's physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, galvanic skin response); operators attempt to tell if someone is lying by observing how that person responds physiologically while answering questions

Back 11

polygraph

Front 12

a technique whereby a trained interviewer tries to improve eyewitnesses' memories by focusing their attention on the the details and context of the event

Back 12

cognitive interview

Front 13

recollections of an event, such as sexual abuse, that have been forgotten or repressed

Back 13

recovered memories

Front 14

remembering a past traumatic experience that is objectively false but nevertheless accepted as true

Back 14

false memory syndrome

Front 15

aside from eyewitness testimony, other kinds of evidence

Back 15

expert testimony
physical evidence
statistical evidence

Front 16

lawyers present the evidence in the sequence in which events occurred, corresponding as closely as possible to the _____ they want jurors to believe

Back 16

story order

Front 17

lawyers present ______ in the sequence they think will have the greatest impact, even if this means that the events are described out of order

Back 17

witness order

Front 18

the theory that people refrain from criminal activity because of the threat of legal punishment, as long as the punishment is perceived as relatively severe, certain, and swift

Back 18

deterrence theory

Front 19

people's judgments about the fairness of the procedures used to determine outcomes, such as whether they are innocent or guilty

Back 19

procedural justice