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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes.
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psychology
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consists of a set of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
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scientific method
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the means by which organisms adjust to their environment
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behavior
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most often the subject of a psychologist
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individual
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the working of the human mind
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metal process
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the goals of the psychologist conducting basic research
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describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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reports of observations about the behavior of organisms and the conditions under which the behavior occurs
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Behavioral data
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the first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior
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describe
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deliberately go beyond what can be observed
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explanations
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statements about the likelihood that a certain behavior will occur or that a given relationship will be found
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predictions
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the central most powerful goal. making behavior happen or not happen
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control
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behavior is driven, or motivated, by powerful inner forces.
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psychodynamic perspective
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seek to understand how particular environmental stimuli control particular kinds of behavior
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behaviorist perspective
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conditions that precede the behavior and set the stage for an organism to make a response or withhold a response
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antecedent environmental conditions
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the main object of study. the action to be understood, predicted, and controlled.
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behavioral response
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follow a response
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observable consequence
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people are active creatures who are innately good and capable of choice.
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humanistic perspective
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refer to each individuals drive toward the fullest development of his or her potential.
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self-actualization
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human thought and all the processes of knowing - attending, thinking, remembering, and understanding. people act because they think, and people think because they are human beings.
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congnitive perspective
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guides psychologists who search for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain, the nervous system, and the endocrine system
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biological perspective
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attempts to understand the brain processes underlying behaviors such as sensation, learning, and emotion
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behavioral neuroscience
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trains a multidisciplinary research focus of the brain bases of higher cognitive functions such as memory and language
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cognitive neuroscience
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suggest that mental abilities evolved over millions of years to serve particular adaptive purposes
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evolutionary perspective
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study cross-cultural differences in the causes and consequences of behavior.
they want to determine whether the theories researchers have developed apply to all humans, or only to more narrow, specific populations. |
sociocultural perspective
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