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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dark adaption |
Takes longer and driving at night becomes more difficult |
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Cataracts surgery |
Most common surgical procedure in U.S. - remove lens and insert artificial lens |
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About 1/3 of Americans have this procedure |
Cataracts |
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Taste and saliva |
Less saliva secreted & dry mouth reduces release of food molecules |
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Experience flavors less intensely |
Older adults |
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Smokers |
Lose more than non smokers |
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Climateric |
Reproductive loss Term for men and women |
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Menopause |
For women avg 51 Normal range 40-60 Begins in decline in estrogen Called perimenooause |
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Perimenopause |
Decline in estrogen Hot flashes & women can have 30-40 daily |
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Skin temperature |
Go up typicallyb3-4 but sometimes 10 |
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Rapamycin |
Inhibits cell growth and division and division |
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What boosted the life span in rats |
12% rapamycin- mtor [mamalion targot of rapamycin] |
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2nd natural selection |
Evolution only favors genetic traits that allow us to lov through age of reproduction |
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Fatal disorders no longer eliminated |
Middle age or later |
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Progeria |
Children age very rapidly |
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Huntingtons disease |
Can set in middle age 500x more common |
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Children with living grandmas (grandmother effect) |
More likely to be successful and happy |
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Glonc restriction |
Hypothalamus serves as a biological ckock, that measures the # of calories metabolized by the baby |
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Adults antibodies |
They produce fewer which are usually (but not always protein)- which should fight substances recognized as foreign |
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Foreign substances |
Known as antibodies |
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Autoimmune disease |
Adults more likely to form antibodies against own cells |
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Thymus gland |
In upper chest decreased by age 45-50 to only 5-10% it's mass at puberty |
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DNA repair |
"Hit theory " Destructive enviroemtn conditions come from continued exposure to factors I'm environment like radiation |
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Oxidation damage |
Preradicals (molecules or atoms) that have unpaired electrons |
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Unpaired electron |
Produced when sugar and oxygen are turned into energy and response to x rays |
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Free radical |
Tries to take an electron from another molecules, which leaves that one out of balance |
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What happens when a molecule is out of balance? |
It produces a chain reaction |
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After the chain reaction, what to free radicals do? |
They form stable molecules after much damage |
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What is the cause of free radicals shooting through cells? |
Aging |
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How long is too long to breathe unconcetrated oxygen? |
More than 48 hours, it will destroy your eyes |
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Roundworms with genetic mutation produce what? And what does it do? |
They produce enzymes which convert radicals to harmless molecules. |
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Adult tissues have what? |
Stem cells |
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What do stem cells do? |
They can create any kind of cell |
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When the stem cells divide, what do they ideally produce? |
1 stem cell and 1 tissue cell |
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As people age, there are fewer what? |
Cells |
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What behavioral changes occur with age? |
¤Dexterity and balance decreases ¤ more waking at night with less deep sleep ¤ risk of acute illness does not increase with age ¤ risk of chronic illness does not increase |
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At what age does more waking at night and less deep sleep occur? |
Around 40-50 |
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Physical exercise |
Is beneficial for both young and older men, both increased mental ability. |
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Role |
Set of skills or expectations of a person who occupies a certain position |
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Example of a role |
Dr. Knows the latest medicine |
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Role conflict |
Roles are incompatible |
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Example of role conflict |
Women with sick children and an important business meeting |
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Role strain |
A person's qualities or skills are a poor match for a role |
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Role strain example |
New parents knowing nothing about babies |
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Gender roles |
Proximal (environmental) causes and distal (evolutional psychology) (How gender roles evolved) causes |
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Role transitions 1st |
Leaving home |
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Boomerang children |
Age 18-24 and living with parents |
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Why do boomerang children remain with parents? Both sides |
Children's side * save money * no job * easy Parents side *illness |
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What age do each sex usually get married |
Men=27 Women=26 |
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What sub cultures expect women to live at home until marriage |
Indian, Pakistani, etc |
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Earlier independent living |
People who are Caucasian and come from single parent homes |
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Leave home later |
African American |
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Majority of couples in us who get married |
are already living together |
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During 2006-2010 women who cohavited with men by age 25 |
25-29=62% had 35-44=47% had |
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Cohabitators and divorce? |
Cohabitators are just as likely, or even more likely to divorce than couples who never cohabited |
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Quasi experimental design |
Experimenter does not get to assign subjects to groups randomly |
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Coalition is transitory within _ years? |
3 years |
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After 3 years What percent of cohabitators marry, break up, and stay cohabitating? |
58% marry 39% break up 3% cobabitating |
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How many types of cohabiting are there and what are they called? |
3 1. Prelude to marriage 2. Alternative to marriage 3. Alternative to single |
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Prelude to marriage |
A trial test, but it results in marriage |
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Alternative to marriage |
Long term and permanent (just as long as marriage, but not marriage) |
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Alternative to single |
Does not last as long as marriage and does not result in marriage |
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Cohabition and its effect on infants |
Quality of mother infant attachment looked at 3 groups of mothers |
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3 groups of mothers -In regards to cohabitation , and which had highest attachment with baby |
1. Single 2. Cohabited 3. Marriage #3 did |
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Married people |
Live longer than unmarried (which includes never married, widows, divorced, and cohabitated) |
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Relationship is stronger for men (marriage) |
They lived longer better physical and mental health |
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Unhappily married couples |
Most # of depressive symptoms found |
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Happiest couples |
Upper middle class, 2 career couples with egalitarian attitudes and shared decision making, chores, and child care (3x as happy as next group) |
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2nd happiest group |
Working and middle class couples who favor traditional division of labor, and have only 1 breadwinner |
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Least happy group |
Young dual-wage earner working class couples where women work only out of financial necessity |
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All families less happy if |
If wife works more than 45 hours a week outside home |
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About __ % of adults will become a parent |
85% |
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Age women give birth |
Has become older in developed countries |
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Rate of contraception since 1984 |
Has gone up for all women of all ages and ethnic groups |
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Parental Imperative |
Gender roles-> Traditional when child is born |
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First child |
Doubles amount of time woman spend in housework 1/2 amount of time talking to husband |
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Newely married couples |
Sex is important aspect of relationship |
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Couple immediately after birth of 1st child |
Sex importance drops temporarily to least important aspect for women (bc they are not getting enough sleep & role strain exhaustion |
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Mother Father and Child |
Called Triad |
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Triads are unstable |
Weakest member joins one of 2 stronger members |
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Traditional content of sex roles |
Intensification after birth of 1st child bc typically woman is home with baby |
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Women |
Communal stereotype (affiliation and expressiveness) |
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Women Are (as a parent) |
1. Primary responsibility for kids 2. secondary bread winner 3. social class manager- maintains contact with family and friends 4. day to day finances - paying bills |
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Marital satisfaction before, during, and after kids |
Before= High During= Lowest After=high |
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Major conflicts |
Highest during child rearing |
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What percentage of new parents reported that birth of 1st child was moderate-severe crisis |
50-80% |
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Married women & men under age 40 |
80% lives were changed in positive ways by children |
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Parents asked if they would have children again if they could live their lives over... |
90% said they would |
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roles in later life |
Expansion of gender roles at mid life Crossover roles |
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Crossover roles |
Women -> more aggressive/assertive men -> Nurturer |
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Adding role of grandparents |
They have different styles |
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What styles do grandparents have? |
* Attention & love *Stability *ADditional Friend * occasional spoiling * family history |
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What is the most problem when grandparents play parenting role |
There is role conflict with the mother and father and the grandparent |
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Grandparenting style N=500 |
Study to test the different styles of grandparenting |
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Remote |
29% of sample- see grandchildren infrequently Grandparents > 65 (more likely) |
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Companionate |
majority 55% Warm pleasurable relationship and nice for grandparents to have little disciplinary role |
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Involved |
16% Grandparents that has day to day care of child- sometimes means full responsibilities |
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About 1/2 of grandparents |
See their grandchildren almost daily |
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about 3/4 of grandparents |
see their grandchildren at least 2x a month |
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Bonds are closest w/ grandchildren |
Until they are about 10 (pre peubescent age) |
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About 92% of grandchildren said |
They would miss much if there were no grandparents |
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Children are leaving home |
Older moms vs younger |
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Women who remain strongly family centered |
Have higher rates of depression |
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Men become more __ in middle age |
Feminine More concerened with feelings |
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Caring for an aging parent |
Sandwhich generation caring for both children and parents |
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About 11% of middle age adults provide ___ |
More than 3 hours per week to a parent |
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About 18% of us elderly |
live with one of their kids |
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Women are __ more likely to provide asstanse with thasks to older mother |
4x |
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caregiver burden |
care taking for people with dementia- more depression and stress |
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Caretakers |
Have less marital satisfaction |
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Who usually raises the divorce issue & informs the kids |
The wife |
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Mutual decision to divrce |
is uncommon |
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Happy couples |
Better conflict resolution Less criticism Less avoidance of problems |
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When reports different betweeen parents and children |
Parents percieve relationship as closer |
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Working class |
More contact with their adult children than middle lass |
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Parents are more likely to influence |
Adult hildren than other way around |
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Closest sibling ties, to non closest |
sister-sister borther sister brother brother |
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About what percent of dicorvees remarry? |
70% |
