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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the DSM IV identify as the 5 types of schizophrenia?
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1. Disorganised
2. Catatonic 3. Paranoid 4. Undifferentiated 5. Residual |
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Type 1 schizophrenia can also be called negative symptoms. Give 2 examples
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1. Hallucinations
2. Delusions 3. Thought disturbances |
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Type 2 schizophrenia can also be called positive symptoms. Give 2 examples
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1. Lack of interest
2. Emotions 3. Motivation 4. Social withdrawal |
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How is schizophrenia diagnosed?
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The DSM IV
1. Two or more of the symptoms appear for over 1 month 2. Personality disturbance must be evident for 6 months with pronounced disturbances evident for 1 month. 3. The symptoms have lead to failure to funcion in society. |
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Name three biological explanations of schizophrenia?
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1. Genetics
2. Brain structure 3. Biochemistry |
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Name three psychological explanations of schizophrenia?
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1. Behavioural
2. Psychodynamic 3. Family theories 4. Social factors |
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Outline Gottesman's (1991) Twin Study.
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Analysis of twins revealed that 48% concordance for monozygotic (MZ - identical) twins. 17% for Dizygotic (DZ - non-identical) twins. (Also concordance rate is for MZ twins brought up seperately is similar to those raised together)
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What do family studies show for relatives of a schizophrenic?
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1. The risk of developing schizophrenia is greater if closely related to the sufferer.
2. Both parents - 48% chance 3. One parent - 17% chance 4. Sibling - 8% chance Shows influence of genetics over nurture |
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What did Rosenthal(1963) find during his quadruplet study?
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All four children developed schizophrenia, although age of onset differed.
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Outline Kety et al (1978) adoption study.
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Two groups adopted at an early age, half diagnosed with schizophrenia. The two groups were matched on sex,age etc. Found that biological relatives of sufferes also had illness, no difference for adoptive families(environment played little part).
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Why may there be a higher concordance rate of developing a mental disorder between MZ twins?
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MZ twins tend to be treated more similarily that DZ twins. (Loehlin & Nichols 1976)
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Even though concordance rates for MZ twins reared apart is still high, what could account for this?
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It is most likely that MZ twins still spent some time together before being seperated (Kamin 1977)
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What percent of children with two schizophrenic parents develop the disorder, why can this be used as evidence against the genetic explanation?
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48%
It can be used as negative because less than half the children will develop the disease. |
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Give 3 evaluation points for the genetic explanation
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+ Twin studies provide strong evidence
- not 100% concordance -Methodological weakness of concordance studies -Sample size |
