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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Unconscious phantasy

A mental representation of an experience or need


Often involve concrete objects having good/bad intentions towards the self


Therefore phantasy is


Related to an object-relational view



Elaborate: phantasies, the mental representations of emotional experiences and bodily impulses, colour our internal world and affect our experience of the external world.


i.e. internal world = external world plus phantasy


Internal world is not an accurate presentation of the external world


Introjection according to Klein

Unconscious phantasy of incorporation


Taking something into oneself



Internal world is made up of introjected parts of the external world, i.e. a collection of identifications


(Keep in mind that the external world has already been projected into and is therefore an altered external world) ---> therefore a very complex process

Projection according to Klein

Unconscious phantasy of expulsion, getting rid of


Putting something from the internal world into the external world


Outlet, relieves pressure of conflict in the internal world


Split off the frightened/bad part of self and projects it onto an external object

Elaborate: The mind as an alimentary tract

Klein


Primitive level of functioning


The mind takes in (introjection) & spits out (projection) various feelings or states of the mind that would cause internal conflict


Internal object aka part object (Klein)

An internal version of an actual person filtered through projective and introjective processes that distort the real person



I.e. a phantasised internal objects or part objects



Klein's description of the mind being a stage on which an inner drama is played out and the players are phantasised internal/part objects

Phantasy as an object-relational view

We view external objects as having good or bad intentions towards us


We therefore relate to others with this perspective.


i.e. While interacting we feel that others feel about us a certain way = the phantasy

Klein's view of our phantasies organising our psyche

The dominant phantasy will lead to the psyche being organised around it. It will influence how you perceive/interpret other situations.


Other situations may then also feed into and reinforce this phantasy if it is strong enough



E.g. if your dominant phantasy is that others (objects) are critical of you, then different situations will reinforce that, your view of those situations is dependent on your phantasy



(Is it the same as CBT - cognitive distortion??)

Developmental progression of internal part objects

Klein


Objects first experienced as concrete and physically present


Then objects are represented in the psyche and the memory system


Then are symbolic representations in words or other symbolic forms

States of mind as a barometer of our internal world

Klein



Internal world populated by good objects - relate to good objects --> good state of mind



Internal world populated by bad (scary, critical, angry, etc) objects - relate to bad objects --> bad (scared, anxious, intimidated, etc) state of mind

Klein's view of phantasy as an innate capacity

Lemma p33

Wilfred Bion's view of the mother as a container

The mom is the baby's auxilliary digestive tract for emotional events



On its own, the baby is overwhelmed by the impressions of the world



The mom, as another human mind, is its container and can accept, absorb and transform experiences into meaning

Klein's view of the impact of the external environment on child development

Lemma p34

What is the object-relations approach?

Lemma p40

The "good enough mother"

Coined by Winnicott


Mom cares for baby but gradually disillusions her so as to allow baby to develop capacity to withstand frustration (Lemma p41)



Also check in Gomez?

Fairbairn's contribution to object relations

Lemma p40 and Gomez

Karl Abraham's contribution to object relations

Published paper in 1924 that made the first mention of object relations

Object Relations contributors

Melanie Klein


Karl Abraham


Donald Winnicott


Ronald Fairbairn

Winnicott's contribution to object relations

Coined "Good enough mother"


Emphasised the key role of the mom's relationship with her baby


(Lemma p41 done)



Also Gomez?

Klein's contribution to object relations

Lemma p 29-40


Lemma p 40


Gomez

Drive theory

Problems in managing instinctual urges

Ego psychology

Inflexible organisation of defences against anxiety

Object-relations Theory

Activation of internal objects from which patients have inadequately differentiated (transference)

Self psychology

Created by Heinz Kohut in work with narcissistic patients


Human behaviour is motivated primarily by self-cohesion, ie. The root of anxiety is the self's experience of a defect and a lack of cohesiveness and continuity in the sense of self


How external relationships help develop and maintain self esteem

Selfobjects

Mirroring function that others perform for the self



• functions rather than people

Goal of maturation according to Kohut

Differentiation within empathic relationships

2 kinds of transference according to Kohut

Mirroring transference - pt turns to therapist to get validation (because parents didn't perform mirroring function when child needed empathy, didn't validate enough early on, pt grew up with a lack of self-cohesion and difficulty maintaining self esteem)


Idealising transference - pt experiences therapist as all powerful parental figure whose presence is needed to feel soothed (children need to idealise their parents so that their own infantile grandiosity can unfold and they can then try to merge with the image of the idealised parent, i.e. own omnipotent self-representation needs to be replaced by a realistic self-representation)

4 attachment classifications

Secure


• Avoidant


• Anxious-ambivalent


• Disorganised

Internal working model acc to Bowlby

Set of cognitive mechanisms that underpin attachment behavioural systems


• Schemas/representational systems of self and other in interaction

Who started driving attachment theory

Bowlby


(Fonagy's writings about it)

Key psychoanalytic assumptions that are shared by the various schools of psychoanalysis

Lemma p53



9 points

Envy acc to Klein

• manifestation of the death instinct


• form of innate aggression


• hatred towards the good object


• premature expression of depressive anxiety about damage to the good object


• triggered by frustration or inconsistent parenting, but not inevitably linked to deprivation


(Lemma p36)


Also to check Gomez

Corrective emotional experience

A more affectively engaged patient relationship


Franz Alexander


(Ferenczi?)