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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Unconscious phantasy |
A mental representation of an experience or need Often involve concrete objects having good/bad intentions towards the self Therefore phantasy is Related to an object-relational view
Elaborate: phantasies, the mental representations of emotional experiences and bodily impulses, colour our internal world and affect our experience of the external world. i.e. internal world = external world plus phantasy Internal world is not an accurate presentation of the external world
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Introjection according to Klein |
Unconscious phantasy of incorporation Taking something into oneself Internal world is made up of introjected parts of the external world, i.e. a collection of identifications (Keep in mind that the external world has already been projected into and is therefore an altered external world) ---> therefore a very complex process |
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Projection according to Klein |
Unconscious phantasy of expulsion, getting rid of Putting something from the internal world into the external world Outlet, relieves pressure of conflict in the internal world Split off the frightened/bad part of self and projects it onto an external object |
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Elaborate: The mind as an alimentary tract |
Klein Primitive level of functioning The mind takes in (introjection) & spits out (projection) various feelings or states of the mind that would cause internal conflict |
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Internal object aka part object (Klein) |
An internal version of an actual person filtered through projective and introjective processes that distort the real person
I.e. a phantasised internal objects or part objects
Klein's description of the mind being a stage on which an inner drama is played out and the players are phantasised internal/part objects |
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Phantasy as an object-relational view |
We view external objects as having good or bad intentions towards us We therefore relate to others with this perspective. i.e. While interacting we feel that others feel about us a certain way = the phantasy |
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Klein's view of our phantasies organising our psyche |
The dominant phantasy will lead to the psyche being organised around it. It will influence how you perceive/interpret other situations. Other situations may then also feed into and reinforce this phantasy if it is strong enough
E.g. if your dominant phantasy is that others (objects) are critical of you, then different situations will reinforce that, your view of those situations is dependent on your phantasy
(Is it the same as CBT - cognitive distortion??) |
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Developmental progression of internal part objects |
Klein Objects first experienced as concrete and physically present Then objects are represented in the psyche and the memory system Then are symbolic representations in words or other symbolic forms |
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States of mind as a barometer of our internal world |
Klein Internal world populated by good objects - relate to good objects --> good state of mind Internal world populated by bad (scary, critical, angry, etc) objects - relate to bad objects --> bad (scared, anxious, intimidated, etc) state of mind |
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Klein's view of phantasy as an innate capacity |
Lemma p33 |
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Wilfred Bion's view of the mother as a container |
The mom is the baby's auxilliary digestive tract for emotional events On its own, the baby is overwhelmed by the impressions of the world The mom, as another human mind, is its container and can accept, absorb and transform experiences into meaning |
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Klein's view of the impact of the external environment on child development |
Lemma p34 |
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What is the object-relations approach? |
Lemma p40 |
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The "good enough mother" |
Coined by Winnicott Mom cares for baby but gradually disillusions her so as to allow baby to develop capacity to withstand frustration (Lemma p41)
Also check in Gomez? |
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Fairbairn's contribution to object relations |
Lemma p40 and Gomez |
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Karl Abraham's contribution to object relations |
Published paper in 1924 that made the first mention of object relations |
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Object Relations contributors |
Melanie Klein Karl Abraham Donald Winnicott Ronald Fairbairn |
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Winnicott's contribution to object relations |
Coined "Good enough mother" Emphasised the key role of the mom's relationship with her baby (Lemma p41 done) Also Gomez? |
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Klein's contribution to object relations |
Lemma p 29-40 Lemma p 40 Gomez |
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Drive theory |
Problems in managing instinctual urges |
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Ego psychology |
Inflexible organisation of defences against anxiety |
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Object-relations Theory |
Activation of internal objects from which patients have inadequately differentiated (transference) |
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Self psychology |
Created by Heinz Kohut in work with narcissistic patients Human behaviour is motivated primarily by self-cohesion, ie. The root of anxiety is the self's experience of a defect and a lack of cohesiveness and continuity in the sense of self How external relationships help develop and maintain self esteem |
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Selfobjects |
Mirroring function that others perform for the self
• functions rather than people |
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Goal of maturation according to Kohut |
Differentiation within empathic relationships |
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2 kinds of transference according to Kohut |
• Mirroring transference - pt turns to therapist to get validation (because parents didn't perform mirroring function when child needed empathy, didn't validate enough early on, pt grew up with a lack of self-cohesion and difficulty maintaining self esteem) • Idealising transference - pt experiences therapist as all powerful parental figure whose presence is needed to feel soothed (children need to idealise their parents so that their own infantile grandiosity can unfold and they can then try to merge with the image of the idealised parent, i.e. own omnipotent self-representation needs to be replaced by a realistic self-representation) |
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4 attachment classifications |
• Secure • Avoidant • Anxious-ambivalent • Disorganised |
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Internal working model acc to Bowlby |
• Set of cognitive mechanisms that underpin attachment behavioural systems • Schemas/representational systems of self and other in interaction |
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Who started driving attachment theory |
Bowlby (Fonagy's writings about it) |
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Key psychoanalytic assumptions that are shared by the various schools of psychoanalysis |
Lemma p53 9 points |
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Envy acc to Klein |
• manifestation of the death instinct • form of innate aggression • hatred towards the good object • premature expression of depressive anxiety about damage to the good object • triggered by frustration or inconsistent parenting, but not inevitably linked to deprivation (Lemma p36) Also to check Gomez |
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Corrective emotional experience |
A more affectively engaged patient relationship Franz Alexander (Ferenczi?) |