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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 4 D's in Diagnosis? |
Deviant Danger Distress Dysfunction |
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Classification is psychiatry and psychology |
predicts the disorder's future course suggest approprite treatment reaserch into its causes |
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whats DSM-5 |
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- 5th edition describes disorders and estimates their occurrence
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what are the changes to DSM-5? |
some label changes new/altered diagnoses new categories |
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anxiety disorders are.... |
distressing,persistent, or maladaptive behaviors like: Generalized anxiety disorder phobias panic disorders |
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Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD).... |
continually tense,apprehensive, autonomic nervous system arousal excessive, continual worrying sufferer cant identify cause of tension women 2x more likely then men |
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Phobias.... |
persistent,irrational fear, avoidance of object,activity,or situation. |
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) |
persistent,repetitive thoughts,actions |
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obsessions in (OCD).... |
dirt germs toxins something terrible happening symmetry,order,exactness |
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compulsions in OCD.... |
excessive hand washing,bathing,toothbrushing,grooming repeating rituals checking doors,locks,appliancess |
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Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) |
hauting memories,nightmares,social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, insomnia, for 4 weeks or more |
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Understanding anxiety disorder Conditioning |
classical conditioning-explaining how people associate anxiety with cues stimulus generalization-demonstrates a fearful event becoming a fear of similar events reinforcement-maintain a developed and generalized phobia |
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Understanding anxiety disorders Cognition |
observing others-development of some fears interpretations and expectations-shape reactions |
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understanding anxiety disorders biology |
genes-genetic predisposition to anxiety brain-trauma linked to new fear pathways natural selection-fear threats-easily conditioned and difficult to extinguish |
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bipolar disorder... |
depression brain activity slows left frontal lobe less active scarcity of nor-epinephrine and serotonin |
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suicide |
more likely to occur when people feel disconnected |
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People engage in NSSI to |
§gainrelief from intense negative thoughts through the distraction of pain §askfor help and gain attention §relieveguilt by self-punishment §getothers to change their negative behavior (bullying, criticism) §fitin with a peer group |
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Schizophrenia |
delusions, hallucinations,disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
§Disturbedperceptions – taste, smell, feel, or seethings only in their mind §Disorganizedthinking and speech §Diminishedand inappropriate emotions and actions |
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Chronicschizophrenia
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psychoticepisodes last longer and recovery periods shorten lateadolescence or early adulthood |
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Acute schizophrenia
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beginat anyage; frequently occurs in response toan emotionally traumatic event, and hasextended recovery periods |
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motivation and motives |
goal directed behavior and the needs/interests that propel behavior |
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homeostatasis |
physiological equilibrium or stability |
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Drive |
internal state of of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities |
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the hierarchy of needs |
Self transcendence needs self actualization needs Esteem needs belongingness and love needs safety needs physiological needs |
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Brain regulation in hunger |
hypothalamus signals eating |
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palatabliity |
taste is important |
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portion size |
eat more when there is large portions |
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flavor-nutrient learning |
flavor is with calories |
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flavor flavor learning |
flavor is associated with already liked flavor |
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body mass index |
weight(lbs) ----------------- * 703 2 height (in) |
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thrifty gene theory |
enable to store fat during periods of low food supplies |
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set point theory |
each person's weight stays within a small range |
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leptin theory |
leptin is a hormone that is made by fat cells which reduce weight |
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testosterone |
male sex hormone that simulates growth of male organs, develops during puberty |
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estrogen |
estradiol secreted in females in female mammals, estrogen peak during ovulation |
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sexual response cycle |
excitement resolution plateau orgasm |
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sexual dysfuntions |
◦Impair sexualarousal or functioning ◦Often involvesexual motivation, especially sexual motivation and arousal ◦Include erectiledisorder and premature ejaculation (males) ◦Include femaleorgasmic disorder and female sexual interest/arousal disorder (females) ◦Sometimes involve paraphilas (sexual desirein unusual ways; e.g., pedophilia, exhibitionism) |
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external stimuli of sex |
men and women become arouse when erotic material is seen,heard,or read |
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imagined stimuli of sex |
sexual desire can be imagined |
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enviromental factors of teen pregnacy |
Minimal communication about birth Guilt related to sexual activity Passion overwhelming self-control Alcohol use Mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity |
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Characteristics of teens who delay in having sex |
High intelligence Religious engagement Father presence Participation in service learning program |
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Gender differences in male |
think more about sex, greater interest,and have more frequent/varied sexual fantasies. look for more youthful and attractive females |
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gender differences in females |
look for males who are more intelligent, ambitious and rich |
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homosexuals |
relationships with same sex members |
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hetrosexuals |
relationship with members of other sex |
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bisexuals |
relationships with either sex members |
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environmental theory |
feminine behavior in young boys masculine behavior in young girls can develop homosexuality |
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gay vs straight brain differences |
smaller hypothalamic cluster in gays and women than in straight men |
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situational determinants |
◦Strength of motivation to achieve success ◦Estimate of probability of success for task at hand ◦Incentive value of success |
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elements of emotion behavioral- |
overt expressions |
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elements of emotion cognitive-
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conscious experience
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elements of emotion physiological- |
bodily arousal |
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affective forecasting |
predicts one's emotional responces to future events |
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automatic arousal |
flight or fight response |
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neural circuits |
◦Amygdala, hypothalamus, and structures in limbicsystem |
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amygdala |
◦Plays a central role in conditioned fears ◦Detects threat and triggers autonomic responses |
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prefrontal cortex |
◦Controls voluntary emotional reactions |
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mesolimbic dopamine pathway |
◦Pleasurable emotional experience associated with reward |
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6 fundamentally emotions that are universally known |
happiness sadness anger fear surprise disgust |
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two factor theory |
physiology and cognitions create emotions |
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cannon-bard theory |
emotion-triggering stimulus and body arousal take place simultaneously |
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james-lange theory |
physiological activity proceeds before emotional experience |
