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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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intelligence
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a set of cognitive skills that include abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge
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g-factor
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Spearman's theory that intelligence is a single general (g) factor made up of specific components
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multiple-factor theory of intelligence
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idea that intelligence consists of distinct dimensions and is not just a single factor
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broad intelligence
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one of Carroll's three levels of intelligence that includes abilities such as crystallized and fluid intelligence, as well as memory, learning, and processing speed
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narrow intelligence
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one of Carroll's three levels of intelligence that includes many distinct abilities
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successful intelligence
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according to Sternberg, an integrated set of abilities needed to attain success in life
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triarchic theory of intelligence
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Sternberg's three part model of intelligence, including analytic, creative, and practical intelligence
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mental age
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the equivalent chronological age a child has reached based on his or her performance on an IQ test
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reliability
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consistency of a measurement, such as intelligence test
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test-retest reliability
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consistency of scores on a test over time
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internal reliability
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characteristic of intelligence test in which questions on a given subtest tend to correlate very highly with other items on the subtest
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construct validity
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the degree to which a test measures the concept it claims to measure, such as intelligence
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validity
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the degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure, such as intelligence, and not something else, and the degree to which it predicts real-world outcomes
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predictive validity
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the degree to which intelligence test scores are positively related to real-world outcomes, such as school achievement or job success, and thus have predictive value
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cultural test bias hypothesis
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the notion that group differences in IQ scores are caused by different cultural and educational backgrounds, not by real differences in intelligence
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test fairness
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judgment about how test results are applied to different groups based on values and philosophical inclinations
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test bias
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characteristic of a test that produces different outcomes for different groups
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mental retardation
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significant limitations in intellectual functioning as well as in everyday adaptive behavior, which start before age 18
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adaptive behavior
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adjustment to and coping with everyday life
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down syndrome
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a chromosomal disorder characterized by mild to profound mental retardation
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prodigy
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a young person who is extremely gifted and precious in one area and at least average in intelligence
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savant syndrome
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a very rare condition in which people with serious mental handicaps also show isolated areas of ability or brilliance
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reaction range
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for a given trait, such as IQ, the genetically determined range of responses by an individual to his or her environment
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convergent thinking problems
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problems that have known solutions and require analytic thinking and the use of learned strategies and knowledge to come up with the correct answer
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divergent thinking problems
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problems that have no known solutions and require novel solutions
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algorithms
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a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem
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Eureka insight or insight solutions
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sudden solutions that come to mind in a flash
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fixation
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the inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective
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mental set
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a tendency to continue to use problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past, even if better solutions are available
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thinking outside the box
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approach to problem solving that requires breaking free of self-imposed conceptual constraints and thinking about a problem differently in order to solve it
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functional fixedness
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mind-set in which one is blind to unusual uses of common everyday things or procedures
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creativity
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thinking and/or behavior that is both novel-original and useful-adaptive
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genius
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high intelligence combined with creative accomplishments that have a tremendous impact on a given field
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ideational fluency
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the ability to produce many ideas
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flexibility of thought
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the ability to come up with many different categories of ideas and think of other responses besides the obvious one
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originality
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the ability to come up with unusual and novel ideas
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