Psychology 1-1

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Psychology

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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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Behavior

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any action that people can observe or measure

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Cognitive activities

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private, unmeasurable mental processes such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories

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Psychological constructs

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theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly

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Theory

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a statement that attempts to explain why something is the way it is and happens the way it does

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Principle

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A basic truth or law

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Target population

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the total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn

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Survey

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a research technique for acquiring data about the attitudes or behaviors of a group of people, usually by asking questions of a representative, random sample

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Sample

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a representative segment of a target population

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Random sample

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a survey population, selected by chance, which fairly represents the general population

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Stratified sample

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a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population

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Bias

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a predisposition to a certain point of view despite the facts

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Volunteer bias

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the concept that people who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from those who do not volunteer