Psychology

Front 1

who investigated capacity?

Back 1

Jacobs, miller: people remember about 7 chunks

Front 2

evaluation of capacity?

Back 2

4 chunks probably the limit same for visual information.

Front 3

who investigated duration?

Back 3

Peterson and Peterson used constant syllables prevented rehearsal STM lasted about 18 seconds.

classmate experiment, after 48 years classmates were 70% accurate of faces and 30% names.

Front 4

evaluation of duration?

Back 4

syllables not meaningful but some memory activities do not involve such stimuli.

tones to avoid displacement, led to longer duration of stm

Front 5

who investigated coding?

Back 5

baddeley- difficultly remembering acoustically similar words in STM but not in LTM, reverse for semantically similar words.

Front 6

evalutation of coding?

Back 6

baddeley was tested for 20 minutes not really LTM

STM is visually coded if rehearsal is prevented may not be exclusively acoustic.

LTM may not be exclusively semantic-

Front 7

description of the multi-store model?

Back 7

sensory register-attention-STM-maintenance rehearsal- LTM- Retrieval.

Front 8

evaluation of multi-store model?

Back 8

supported by lab studies: Jacobs, miller etc

brain scans

case of HM

MSM is too simple

LTM involves elaborate rather than just maintenance rehearsal

Front 9

4 parts of the working memory model?

Back 9

central executive

phonological loop

visuo-spatial sketchpad

episodic buffer

Front 10

central executive?

Back 10

acts as attention, allocates tasks to system no storage.

Front 11

phonological loop?

Back 11

preserves order of auditory information.

Front 12

visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Back 12

for planning or processing visual tasks.

Front 13

episodic buffer?

Back 13

records events as they happen, link to LTM

Front 14

evaluation of working memory model ?

Back 14

participants slower when doing dual tasks

damage to PL, problems with verbal material

brain damage evidence unreliable because trauma may cause problems

CE doesn't explain anything and more complex than currently represented

Front 15

episodic memories?

Back 15

personal memories for events forming a sequence, details of context and emotions.

Front 16

semantic memories?

Back 16

knowledge shared by everyone, abstract and concrete.

Front 17

procedural memories?

Back 17

knowing how to do something. automatic through repetition and disrupted if you think about them.

Front 18

retroactive interference?

Back 18

old interferes with new.

Front 19

proactive interference?

Back 19

new interferes with old.

Front 20

interference study>

Back 20

baddeley and hitch, rugby players who played fewer games had better recall of teams played against as less interference.

Front 21

interference evaluation?

Back 21

artificial research.

limited to some situations of forgetting

individual differences

Front 22

encoding specificity principle?

Back 22

material present at encoding is present at retrieval.

Front 23

tulving and pearlstone?

Back 23

category and word learned, free recall 40% cued recall 60%

Front 24

misleading information?

Back 24

supplying information that may lead a witness memory for a crime to be altered

Front 25

loftus and Palmer?

Back 25

critical question, hit, smashed etc. highest verbal smashed. report broken glass with smashed.

Front 26

what will post-event discussion do?

Back 26

may contaminate eyewitness memory of an event.

- conformity effect

- repeat interviewing.

Front 27

leading questions?

Back 27

a question that, either by its form or content, suggest the witness what answer is desired.

Front 28

evaluation of misleading information?

Back 28

lab studies may be less accurate as not taken seriously

robbery study, high accuracy

Front 29

what does stress do?

Back 29

reduces performance on complicated cognitive tasks.

Front 30

anxiety study?

Back 30

weapon focus effect. reduces accuracy of facial identification

Front 31

loftus on wfe??

Back 31

monitored eye movements on weapon exposure, and focus was on the weapon

Front 32

evolutionary argument?

Back 32

it is adaptive to remember stress-inducing events

Front 33

bank robbery?

Back 33

the bank managers/tellers remember most accurately but were high anxiety victims.

Front 34

Johnson and scott anxiety:

Back 34

participants in room, argument in other room, saw man running carrying either pen in grease(low anxiety condition) or knife with blood( high anxiety condition) later asked to identify man.

mean accuracy was 49% in identifying the man in pen condition and 33% accuracy in knife condition.

Front 35

evaluation on anxiety?

Back 35

weapon focus may not be caused by anxiety but rather surprise( thief with scissors, high threat, low surprise) and a raw chicken and low threat but high surprise. identification was least accurate in the high surprise rather than high threat.

real life study-crime.

no simple conclusion- violence, dont include it.

Front 36

the cognitive interview:

(4)

Back 36

mental reinstatement

report everything

change order

change perspective.

Front 37

evaluation of cognitive interview:

Back 37

quantity versus quality

problems with using ci in practice.