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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attribution Theory
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- Theory of how people explain others’ behavior
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others’ behavior.
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Why Study Attribution Errors?
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- Reveal how we think about ourselves and others
- Humanitarian reasons -People should not always be blamed for their problems [people live off of welfare- to have more compassion towards them] - Awareness of our biases |
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Types of Conformity
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-Compliance: involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing [disagree but do it because everyone else is doing it]
-Obedience: acting in accord with a direct order -Acceptance: involves both acting & believing in accord with social pressure [agree and do it with everyone] |
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Sherif’s Studies of Norm Formation
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you laugh when there is a laugh track in the background of a tv show
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Autokinetic effect
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(optical illusion):
– If you place people in a completely dark room, and let them observe a pinprick of light for some time, they will have the illusion that this light starts moving erratically after some time. |
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Asch’s Studies of Group Pressure [line question]
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When asked their opinion, 75% of participants follow the group, and give the wrong answer, on one or more occasions.
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Factors that influence obedience
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•Emotional distance from victim
•Closeness and legitimacy of authority •Institutional authority |
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Hostile aggression
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physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
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Instrumental aggression
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hurt someone to a means as another end
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Influences on Aggression
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1. Aversive Incidents
•Pain •Heat – no ac in car [road rage] •Attacks –eye for an eye 2. Arousal/Aggression Cues •Arousal feeds emotion •Guns –separation- no emotional attachment 3. Media •Pornography/Sexual Violence –Distorted perceptions of sexual reality –Aggression against women •Television –Causes: overestimate violent acts –Effects on thinking: disinhibits/desensitizes us, we see violence as a normal thing •Video Games –correlation –no exercise or interaction with violence on video games 4. Groups [soccer fans get crazy – competition] –Amplified by: more groups amplified by aggression |
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Reducing Aggression
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•Catharsis: emotional release [rip up paper]
•Social Learning: modeling, reward non-aggressive behavior |
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Factors influencing attraction
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1.Proximity: Geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship. Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction (mere exposure effect).
2.Physical Attractiveness: Once proximity affords contact, the next most important thing in attraction is physical appearance. 3.Similarity: Similar views among individuals cause the bond of attraction to strengthen. [Similarity breeds content!] 4. Liking those who like us |
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Factors influencing when we can help
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When will we help:
•Time pressures •Similarity •When someone else does •Number of bystanders |
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Bystander Effect
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Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
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The decision-making process for bystander intervention
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•Noticing
•Interpreting •Diffusion of responsibility |
