Psychology

Front 1

Nature - Nurture Trap

Back 1

idea that a behavior or characteristic is exclusively the result of experience (nurture) or genetics (nature)

Front 2

Chromosomes

Back 2

Threadlike structures that contain genes.

Front 3

DNA

Back 3

Contains genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Front 4

Genes

Back 4

-Segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
-Contains alleles

Front 5

Genome

Back 5

Blue print for making an organism

Front 6

Mutations

Back 6

-Random changes in a gene
-Small changes can lead to changes in function
-Can be beneficial, neutral or harmful to an organsim

Front 7

Monogenic

Back 7

Controlled by one gene

Front 8

Polygenic

Back 8

Influenced by many genes

Front 9

Alleles

Back 9

Genes occur as a matched pair of these
-May be the same or different

Front 10

Dominant Allele

Back 10

Expressed in a dominant-recessive pair

Front 11

Recessive Allele

Back 11

Only expressed if both alleles are recessive

Front 12

Genotype

Back 12

Combination of Alleles inherited

Front 13

Phenotype

Back 13

How alleles are expressed

Front 14

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 14

-all adapted to life on this planet
-disconnect between man that evolved and the environment man built for himself

Front 15

Natural Selection and Fitness

Back 15

‘fit’ characteristics lead to increased reproduction and survival; passed on to succeeding generations
‘survival of the fittest’ does not always mean survival of the ‘best’ (strongest, most intelligent, etc)

Front 16

Gender

Back 16

Characteristics by which we define male and female

Front 17

Behavior genetics

Back 17

Study of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Front 18

Diathesis-Stress model

Back 18

refers to interaction between genetic potential to develop disorder, and stressful life experiences that may increase chance of disorder
may be born with propensity to develop disorder (e.g. schizophrenia) but not develop it if childhood is nurturing and loving

Front 19

Oskar and Jack

Back 19

studies of twins raised in separate environments can help us to determine which characteristics are strongly determined by genetics (those that are the same in both twins)

Front 20

Developmental Psychology

Back 20

Studies change through the lifetime

Front 21

Thalidomide

Back 21

Used as a tranquilizer
-Caused horrific birth defects

Front 22

Rooting Reflex

Back 22

Tendency to search for the nipple when cheek is touched

Front 23

Maturation

Back 23

Biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior
-Maturation of nervous system is needed for explicit memory

Front 24

Piaget Schema

Back 24

-Concept that organizes and interprets information
-includes scripts of expected events

Front 25

Assimilation

Back 25

Interpreting new experience in terms of existing schemas

Front 26

Accommodation

Back 26

Adapting current understandings (Schemas) to incorporate new information

Front 27

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
1. Sensorimotor

Back 27

Experiencing the world through the senses
-Birth to age 2

Front 28

Object Permanence

Back 28

Awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Front 29

2. Preoperational

Back 29

Representing things with words and images
-2 - 6 or 7
-Adult role play

Front 30

Egocentrism

Back 30

Inability of a pre-operational child to take another's point of view

Front 31

Theory of Mind

Back 31

People's ideas about their own and other's mental states

Front 32

3. Concrete Operational

Back 32

Thinking logically about concrete events

Front 33

Serialization

Back 33

Can arrange objects in order according to a property

Front 34

Conservation

Back 34

Quantity remains the same even though the form of the object changes

Front 35

4. Formal Operation

Back 35

Abstract reasoning
-Can also deal with abstract and hypothetical ideas as well

Front 36

Harlow's surrogate mother's

Back 36

Isolated monkey's from mothers
-Have symptoms resembling depression
-Cling to cuddly cloth mothers instead of food bearing wire mothers

Front 37

Harlow's Surrogate Mother's
Social Contact

Back 37

Lack of social contact
-Become depressed and are horrible parents.
-Overcome difficulties with contact (therapist monkey's and dogs)

Front 38

Attachment

Back 38

Emotional tie with another person
-Seeking closeness and showing distress upon seperation

Front 39

Strange Situation Test

Back 39

Mother leaves child with a stranger

Front 40

1. Secure Attachment

Back 40

cry on separation from mother, stop crying & seek contact when she returns (67%)

Front 41

2. Avoidant Attachment

Back 41

When mother returns, avoid her (20%)

Front 42

3. Resistant Attachment

Back 42

after mother returns show contradictory/angry behavior (10%)

Front 43

4) disorganized attachment

Back 43

fear of mother; odd frozen posture – abuse?