Psychology

Front 1

Synesthesia

Back 1

The perceptrual experience of one sense that is evoked by another sense

Front 2

Sensation

Back 2

Simple awareness due to the stimulation of a sense organ.

Front 3

Perception

Back 3

The organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation

Front 4

Transduction

Back 4

What take place when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the central nervous system.

Front 5

Psychophysics

Back 5

Methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus

Front 6

Absolute threshold

Back 6

THe minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus

Front 7

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Back 7

The minimal change in a stimulus can just barely be detected.

Front 8

Weber's Law

Back 8

The just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity.

Front 9

Signal Detection Theory

Back 9

An observation that the response to a stimulus depends both on a persons sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion

Front 10

Sensory Adaptation

Back 10

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulatio tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions

Front 11

Visual Acuity

Back 11

The ability to see fine detail.

Front 12

Retina

Back 12

Light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball

Front 13

Accomodation

Back 13

The process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina

Front 14

Cones

Back 14

Photoreceptors that detect color, operate under normal daylight conditionts, and allows us to focus on fine detail

Front 15

Rods

Back 15

Photoreceptros that become active only under low-light conditions for night vision

Front 16

Fovea

Back 16

An area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods at all.

Front 17

Blind spot

Back 17

An area of the retina that contains neither rods nor cones and therefore has no mechanism to sense light

Front 18

Receptive field

Back 18

The region of the sensory surface that, when stimulated, causes a change in the firing rate of that neuron.

Front 19

Trichromatic Color Representation

Back 19

The pattern of responding across the three types of cones that provides a unique code of each color

Front 20

Color-Opponent System

Back 20

Pairs of visual neurons that work in opposition

Front 21

Area V1

Back 21

The part of the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex.

Front 22

Visual-Form Agnosia

Back 22

The inability to recognize objects by sight

Front 23

Perceptual Constancy

Back 23

A perceptual principle stating that even as aspects of sensory signals change, perception reamins consistent.

Front 24

Template

Back 24

A mental representation that can be directly compared to a viewed shape in the retinal image.

Front 25

Monocular Depth Cues

Back 25

Aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye.

Front 26

Binocular Disparity

Back 26

THe difference in the retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth

Front 27

Motion Parallax

Back 27

A depth cue based on the movement of the head over time

Front 28

Apparent Motion

Back 28

The preception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations.

Front 29

Pitch

Back 29

How high or low a sound is

Front 30

Loudness

Back 30

A sounds intensity

Front 31

Timbre

Back 31

A listener's experience of sound quality or resonance.

Front 32

Cochlea

Back 32

A fluid-filled tube that is the organ of auditory transduction

Front 33

Basilar Membrane

Back 33

A structure in the inner ear that undulates when vibrations from the ossicles reach the cochlear fluid.

Front 34

Hair Cells

Back 34

Specialized auditory receptro neurons embedded in the basilar membrane.

Front 35

Area A1

Back 35

A portion of the temporal lobe that contains the primary auditory cortex.

Front 36

Place Code

Back 36

The cochlea encodes different frequencies at different locations along the basilar membrane.

Front 37

Temporal Code

Back 37

The cochlea registers low frequencies via the firing rate of acition potentials entering the auditory nerve.

Front 38

Haptic Perception

Back 38

The active exploration of the environment by touching and grasping objects with our hands.

Front 39

Referred Pain

Back 39

Feeling of pain when sensory information from internal and external areas converge on the same nerve cells in the spinal cord.

Front 40

Gate-Control Theory

Back 40

A theory of pain perception based on the idea that signals arriving from pain recpetors in the body can be stopped, or gated by internuerons in the spinal coard via feedback from two directions.

Front 41

Vestibular System

Back 41

The three fluid-filled semicircular canals and adjacent organs located next to the cochlea in each inner ear.

Front 42

Olfactory receptor Neurons (ORNS)

Back 42

Receptor cells that initiate the sense of smell.

Front 43

Olfacotry Bulb

Back 43

A brain structure located above the nasal cavity beneath the frontal lobe.

Front 44

Pheromones

Back 44

Biochemical odorants emitted by other member's of their species that can affect an animal's behavior or physiology.

Front 45

Taste Buds

Back 45

The organ of taste transduction.