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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory Memory includes what 2 mechanisms?
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Ionic(images) and Echoic(things we hear). Duration about 1/2 second
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Short term memory
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Duration- 30 seconds
Capacity- 7 plus or minus 2 chunks Primacy Effect and recency |
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Executive Control System
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Control and decisions
Reasoning, language comprehensio Transferring Information Directing Attention |
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Articulatory Loop
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Recycling Items by artculatory processes
Phonological memory(passive buffer) |
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Visio-Spatial Loop
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Visual Imagery
Visual-Spatial Memory |
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Episodic
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For events, things that happen to you
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Semantic
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Information about meaning
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Implicit
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Tasks, skills remember
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Explicit
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anything you can consciouslly recall
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Procedural
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skills, how to learn how to ride bike
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Declarative
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any info you can share with someone else
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3 processes?
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Encoding(how to get info in)
Storage(how we keep info around) Retrieval(how we get info out when we want it) |
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Chunking?
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process at encoding manage/ reorganize info into coherent chunks
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Retroactive
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new info wipes out the old info
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Proactive
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when old info interferes with new bad habits are hard to change
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Mnemonics
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creating retrieval cues
Method of Loci |
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Recall
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explicit idea of something that happened, fact, can produce on your own
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Recognition
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some external cue
Familiarity= recognition |
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MT and Hippocampus
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Subcortical Structure
Looks like a seahorse |
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Frontal Lobes
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recovering information
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Amnesia(2 types)
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retrograde and anterograde
(damage to hippocampus and regions of the temporal lobe) |
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Dementia
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Alzheimer's Disease- degeneration of the brain
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Parkinson's disease
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production of dopamine
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Recovered Memory Therapy(6)
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Hypnosis, Dream Work, Imagistic Work, journal work, group therapy
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Child development
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physical, motor, social, cognitive
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Eleanor Gibson
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Visual cliff
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Cognitive Development
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Physical and thinking development go together. Max synapses at 24months
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Synaptic density
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u-shaped function, changes with physical and cognitive development
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myelenating the axon equals what?
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ups the ways in which neurons interact, insulate and speed up
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consequence of baby shaking?
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disrupt/ prevent development. death or severe brain damage. Can shear blood vessels in brain
stroke or concussion like trauma |
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Bigger Brain equals what?
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Environmental effects, more experience
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Malacarne
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brains of trained dogs
more folds and fissure= more surface area |
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Rozenweig
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rats, control impoverished and enriched
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Harry Harlow
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monkey love.natural bond between mother and child.
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John B. Watson
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mothers are smothering babies
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Piaget Child DDevelopment
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sensory motor (0-2)
preopperation(2-7) Concrete operations(7-11) Formal Operations(11+) |
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Sensory Motor
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object permanence, object still exists even when they/re not physically available/visible
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preoperational period
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egocentrism= everyone knows what i know
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concrete operations
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can deal with concrete objects/events
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Formal Operations
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fully abstract reasoning
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Basic Theory
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you cant observe intelligence you can observe behavior
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Basic concepts in measurement of intelligence tests
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reliability, validity, distributions(measures of central tendency and variability)
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reliability
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when a test produces the same score under the same conditions
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unreliability
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conditions stay the same but score changes
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construct validity
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if a test is valid its scores should correlate with other measures of the same construct
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predictive validity
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scores from one test can be used to predict scores on another test
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fluid intelligence
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ability to adapt. decreases with age. Alcohol can affect fluid w/o affecting crystallized and vice-versa
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crystallized intelligence
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factual knowledge, skils. increases with age
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Genetic Theory
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intelligence depends on genetics
racial ethic groups differ in the dist. of genes that affect intelligence |
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Environment theory
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environment influences the expression of genes. Groups raised in different environments will differ in intelligence
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personality
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percieving ones self and others
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Folk theory
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emotion causes behavior
internal factors- emotions |
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James-Lange Theory
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behavior causes emotion
We feel sad because we cry Problem: autonomic arousal is the same for different emotions |
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Cognitive/ Arousal theory
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stimulus-reaction-attribution-
emotion |
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collectivist vs. individualist
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interdependent view: emphasis on obligation to groups
discomfort in opposing group norms reduces self-serving bias |
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post traumatic model
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trauma- compartmentalization
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socio-cognitive model
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therapist cueing
media socio-cultural expectations |
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Sigmund Freud?
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psychodynamic theory
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psychodynamic theory
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unconscious and conscious
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superego
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conscience, source of repressive force
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Ego
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core self, referee, control structure
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Defense mechanisms
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displacement, reaction formation, projection, sublimation
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Hindbrain
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Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Life Support, Motor Coordination Arousal |
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Midbrain
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involved in arousal, orientation, basic reflexes, dopamine production
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Forebrain
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cortex and subcortical structures.
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system |
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Limbic system
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emotion: fear and anger, memory, motivation
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temporal lobe
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language/speech/ written language. Long term memory. concepts facts
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Peripheral nervous system
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afferent: take info from world
efferent: take info from brain and send it to peripheral |
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somatic division
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skeletal muscles
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autonomic nervous system
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smooth muscles
sympathetic and parasympathetic division |
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sympathetic
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energy user
vasoconstriction increased heart rate breathing |
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parasympathetic
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energy conserver
vasodilation decreased heart rate, breathing |
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Dendrites
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structures that take input from other neurons
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2 kinds of synapses
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excitatory- presynaptic causes postsynaptic to fire, action potentials
inhibitory- presynaptic releases neurotrans chemicals |
