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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology is... |
the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes |
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A hypothesis is... |
an educated guess, based on observation |
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A theory is... |
general principle to explain how a number of separate facts are related |
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5 steps of the scientific method... |
identify a research problem design a study to investigate the problem collect & analyze data draw conclusions communicate findings |
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The goals of psychology are... |
Description Explanation Prediction Influence
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focuses on the observable behaviours only; must be seen and able to be measured |
behaviourism |
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focuses on how mental processes allows people to adapt to their environments (study of children, persons with impairments and animals) |
functionalism |
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analyze the basic elements(structure) of the human thought |
structuralism |
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the unconscious is the key to understanding human nature & behaviour |
psychoanalysis |
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uniqueness of humans & their capacity of choice, growth and psychological health |
humanistic psychology |
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studies mental processes: memory problem solving language decision making perception |
cognitive psychology |
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The goals of psychology are... |
Description Explanation Prediction Influence/Control |
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The difference between basic research vs applied research is... |
Basic research is conducted to seek NEW knowledge to advance scientific understanding; Applied research is done to solve problems and improve quality of life |
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record behaviour in normal settings, no influence |
Naturalistic observation |
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study of single person or small group; in great depth |
Case Study Method |
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observation under controlled conditions; equipment used |
Laboratory Observation |
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gather info about beliefs, experiences and behaviours of a group of people |
Survey Method |
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used to establish relationship between two variables |
correlational method |
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used to establish cause-effect relationship |
experimental method |
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individuals perceive objects/patterns as a whole |
gestalt psychology |
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the biological perspective is... |
biological processes & heredity |
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the psychoanalytic perspective is... |
unconscious motivation; early childhood experience determines thought and behaviour |
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the behavioural perspective is... |
role of environment shaping behaviour |
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the humanistic perspective is.... |
importance of individuals experience - is key to understanding behaviour |
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the evolutionary perspective is... |
inherited tendencies, adapted behaviours for survival |
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the sociocultural perspective is... |
effect of society and culture |
