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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Valence |
how positive or negative the experience is |
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Arousal |
how active or passive the experience is |
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emotion |
a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity |
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James-Lange Theory |
a stimulus triggers activity in the body which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain (so our reaction is in effect to the activity of our body) |
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Cannon-Bard Theory |
a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain |
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Two-factor Theory |
emotions are based on inferences about the causes of physiological arousal |
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Appraisal |
an evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus; amygdala is critical to making these appraisals |
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Emotion regulation |
the strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience |
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reappraisal |
changing one's emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus |
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emotional expression |
an observable sign of an emotional state |
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zygomatic major and obicularis oculi |
when we feel happy, these produce a unique facial expression that psychologists describe as "action units 6 and 12" and the rest of us simply call smiling |
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universality hypothesis |
emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone; Darwin advanced this |
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facial feedback hypothesis |
emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify |
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Display Rule |
a norm for the appropriate expression of emotion |
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Intensification |
exaggerating the expression of one's emotion, as when a person pretends to be more surprised by a gift than she really is (to obey a display rule) |
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Deintensification |
muting the expression of one's emotion (to obey a display rule) |
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Masking |
expressing one emotion while feeling another (to obey a display rule) |
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Neutralizing |
feeling an emotion but displaying no expression (to obey a display rule) |
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Morphology |
certain facial muscles tend to resist conscious control and for a trained observer these so-called reliable muscles are quite revealing |
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Symmetry |
sincere expressions are a bit more symmetrical than insincere expressions |
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Duration |
sincere expressions tend to last between a half second and 5 seconds, and expressions that last for shorter or longer periods are more likely to be insincere |
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Temporal patterning |
sincere expressions appear and disappear smoothly over a few seconds, whereas insincere expressions tend to have more abrupt onsets and offsets |
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Motivation |
the purpose for or psychological cause of an action |
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hedonic principle |
the claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain |
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homeostasis |
the tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state |
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drive |
an internal state caused by physiological needs |
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bulimia nervosa |
an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging |
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anorexia nervosa |
an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake |
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metabolism |
the rate at which energy is used by the body |
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human sexual response cycle |
the stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity |
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intrinsic motivation |
a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding |
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extrinsic motivation |
a motivation to take actions that lead to reward |
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conscious motivations |
motivations of which people are aware |
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unconscious motivations |
motivations of which people are not aware |
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need for achievement |
the motivation to solve worthwhile problems |
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approach motivation |
a motivation to experience a positive outcome |
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avoidance motivation |
a motivation not to experience a negative outcome |
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terror management theory |
a theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own mortality |
