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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phoneme
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the sounds of language
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morpheme
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smallest units of meaning in a language
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initial vocalizations similar across languages
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crying, cooing, babbling
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6 months language
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babbling sounds begin to resemble surrounding language
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1 year language
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first words
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18-24 months language
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vocabulary spurt
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end of second year language
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child begins to combine words
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end of third year language
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complex ideas, plural, past tense
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bilingualism
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learning more than one language. second languages are more easily acquired early in life
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problem solving
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active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable
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decision making
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evaluating alternatives and making choices among them
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what are some barriers of effective problem solving?
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irrelevant information
functional fixedness unnecessary constraints |
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algorithms
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systematic trial-and-error
guaranteed solution |
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heuristics
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shortcuts
no guaranteed solution form subgoals working backward changing the representation of a problem |
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confirmation bias
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tendency to search for and use information that supports, rather than refutes, our ideas
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availability heuristics
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involves basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind
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representativeness heuristic
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involved basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event
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reliability
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refers to the measurement consistency of a test
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validity
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refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure
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what does an IQ test measure?
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factual knowledge, social competence, pratical problem solving, creativity, mechanical ingenity, artistic talent, emotioal intelligence
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