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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective attention |
the ability to focus cognitive activity on the important elements of a problem or situation |
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Association areas |
parts of the brain where sensory, motor, and intellectual functions are linked |
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Spatial perception |
the ability to identify and act on relationships between objects in spaces |
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relative right-left orientation |
the ability to identify right and left and multiple perspectives |
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Spatial cognition |
the ability to infer rules from and make predictions about the movements and objects in space. |
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Traumatic brain injury |
an injury to the head that results in diminished brain function such as a loss of consciousness, confusion, or drowsiness. |
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Asthma |
a chronic lung disease, characterized by sudden, potentially fatal attacks of breathing difficulty |
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Excessive weight gain |
a pattern in which children gain more weight in a year than is appropriate for their age or height |
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BMI-for-age |
comparison of an individual child's BMI against established norms for his or her age group and sex |
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Obese |
a child whose BMI-for-age is at or above the 95th percentile |
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Severely obese |
a child whose BMI-for-age is at or above the 99th percentile |
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Overweight |
a child whose BMI-for-age is between the 85th and 95th percentiles |
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Concrete operational stage |
Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, during children construct schemes that enable them to think logically about objects and events in the real world |
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Decentration
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thinking that take multiple variables into account
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Reversibility |
the understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed |
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Inductive logic |
a type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences |
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Deductive logic |
a type of reasoning, based on hypothetical premises, that requiring predicting a specific outcome from a general principle |
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Class inclusion |
the understanding that subordinate classes are included in larger superordinate classe |
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Processing efficiency |
the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity |
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Automaticity |
the ability to recall information from long term memory without using short term memory capacity |
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Executive processes |
information processing skills that involve devising and carrying out strategies for remembering and solving problems |
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Memory strategies |
learned methods for remembering information |
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Systematic and explicit phonics |
planned, specific instruction in sound letter correspondences |
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Balanced approach |
reading instruction that combine explicit phonics instruction with other strategies for helping children acquire literacy |
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Bilingual education |
an approach to second-language education in which children receive language in two different languages |
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English-as-a-second-language (ESL) program |
an approach to second-language education in which children attend English classes for part of the day and receive most of their academic instruction in English |
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Achievement test |
a test designed to assess specific information learned in school |
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Analytical style |
a tendency to focus on the details of a task |
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Relational style |
a tendency to ignore the details of a task in order to focus on the "big picture" |
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Learning disability |
a disorder in which a child has difficulty mastering a specific academic skill, even though she possesses normal intelligence and no physical or sensory disabilities |
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Dyslexia |
problems in reading or in the inability to read |
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Inclusive education |
general term for education programs in which children with disabilities are taught in classrooms with nondisabled children |
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
a mental disorder that cause children to have difficulty attending to and completing tasks |
