Psychology 202 Exam 2 B

Front 1

If you saw someone with their eyebrows raised and drawn together- what emotion would you think they were expressing?

Back 1

Fear

Front 2

Who wrote "The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals"?

Back 2

Darwin 1872

Front 3

Give an example of animals and humans sharing facial and postural expressions that have common origins and functions.

Back 3

When animals are angry they bare their teeth. Man will do this sometimes too.

Front 4

explain how the expression of emotion can communicate information about events that help organisms adapt.

Back 4

Fear quickly drives blood into large muscles (ready for action-running) and surprise raises the eyebrows so the eyes widen and collect more information.

Front 5

According darwin, emotion is stregthened when accompanied by________________ and weakened when it is not.

Back 5

Muscular activity.

Front 6

advocates of the "facial feedback hypothesis" believe:

Back 6

That making a certain facial expression will result in the corresponding emotion.

Front 7

Who studied college students in 1988, testing how facial expressions effected emotions; one group of students had pencils in their lips to prevent them from smiling, the other held them in their teeth. Of course, they found the ones that were able to smile were also____________.

Back 7

Strack and Colleague
Find a farside comic to be funny.

Front 8

Who proposed the "Opponent Process Theory of Emotion"

Back 8

Richard Solomon. (1980s)

Front 9

Who named a region of the brain the limbic system in the 1950s? The limbic system is involved in emotion, but not central to emotion.

Back 9

Paul MacLean

Front 10

The hippocampus is used mostly for _________.
The hypothalmus is used mostly for__________.

Back 10

a.)memory
b.)motivation

Front 11

The two most important brain regions in emotion are:

Back 11

the amygdala
prefrontal cortex

Front 12

The______________ is a small almond shaped structure that is, according to Joseph LeDoux, central to emotional learning.

Back 12

the amygdala

Front 13

Brain imaging studies show that increased activity in the amygdala during an emotional event is associated with improved________________ for that event.

Back 13

longterm memory.
Researchers currently believe that the amygdala modifies how the hippocampus consolidates memory.

Front 14

The amygdala is also involved in recieving ___________ stimuli. i.e. reacts to a variety of emotional facial expressions, especially sensitive to the facial expression of__________.

Back 14

social;fear

Front 15

Removal of the amygdala results in _________________.

Back 15

Kluver-Bucy syndrome.

Front 16

Animals with the Kluver-Bucy syndrome:
lack_________
lack__________
become___________

Back 16

rage response
fear response
become hypersexual

Front 17

Humans with damage to the amygdala show ________ when confronted with dangerous situations- but they show an impairment in being conditioned to fear. They don't learn to fear certain things.

Back 17

fear.

Front 18

Humans with damage to the amygdala fail to recognize_________ and fail to use these to make good interpersonal judgements

Back 18

facial expressions.

Front 19

The___________________ is involved in assessing the potential reward value of situations and objects.

Back 19

prefrontal cortex.

Front 20

People with damage to the ___________ tend to be insensitive to the emotional expression of others and also have difficulty controlling emotions.

Back 20

prefrontal cortex.

Front 21

Who worked on cerebral assymetry and emotion?

Back 21

Davidson and Colleagues.

Front 22

Unequal activation of the left and right hemispheres of the brain are associated with specific emotional states. This is known as ______________.

Back 22

Cerebral assymetry.

Front 23

In cerebral assymetry- activation in the right hemisphere is associated with:

Back 23

negative effect (sadness)
wihdrawal emotions (a symptom of clinical depression.)

Front 24

in cerebral assymetry, activation in the left hemisphere is associated with:

Back 24

positive effect (happiness)
approach emotions (outgoing, loving, good stuff.)

Front 25

_________ is a disorder caused from a lack of subjective experience involving emotion. They are bland, colorless, unaware of other's feelings, and tend to be men who come from families who lack communication.

Back 25

alexithymia.

Front 26

at _________ old, a child produces sadness at the withdrawal of a positive stimulus.

Back 26

3 months.

Front 27

at _________ old, a child learn that emotional expression is more than just making faces and sounds; it requires timing an understanding of context, and knowledge of the audience.

Back 27

2 years.

Front 28

at __________ old, a child's emotions become highly differentiated. They develop the self conscious emotions of _______ and __________.

Back 28

3 years. shame & guilt.

Front 29

________ results when an individual senses failure to live up to a set of standards (this person will want to hide, disappear, or die)

Back 29

Shame.

Front 30

_________ results when an individual evaluates his/her behavior as a failure and focuses on the specific features of the self or actions that led to the failure. This person is pained by his/her evualuation of the failure. It is usually associated with a corrective action.

Back 30

Guilt.

Front 31

According to _____________ and colleagues (1998) parents play an important role in socializing children about emotion.

Back 31

Eisenburg.

Front 32

According to Eisenburg, a child who grows up with adults who encouraged conversations about emotional experiences may be:

Back 32

Better able to communicate their own emotions. (emotional competence)
and
Have a better understanding of other's emotions. (social competence)

Front 33

__________ is a social act- we rarely do it while we are alone.

Back 33

smiling.

Front 34

We can recognize a smile from as far as _________ ft. away and there are at least ______ different types.

Back 34

300; 18

Front 35

The french physician Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne recognized different types of __________ by examining different facial muscle movements.

Back 35

smiles

Front 36

When people put on a phoney smile they smile with their ________ not their eyes. A genuine smile is defined as a _________ smile.

Back 36

cheeks. duchenne.

Front 37

Smiling is influenced by ________; for example in the U.S. smiling is a typical greeting to a customer... not so in Korea- a korean store owner might be percieved as hostile by americans.

Back 37

Display rules

Front 38

According to Mayer (2005)happiness is not correlated with ____ or _______.

Back 38

sex or age

Front 39

The correlation between income and happiness is ______.

Back 39

weak.

Front 40

In a meta-analytic study by DeNeve and Cooper (1998) the correlation between happiness in personality was fairly ______.

Back 40

weak

Front 41

The strongest predictor of happiness is:

Back 41

neuroticism

Front 42

_____________ did a study on the happiness of 222 college students (2002) who reported their emotions everyday for 51 days. Using stringent criteria they identified 24 people who could be considered the happiest.

Back 42

Diener and Seligman

Front 43

In Diener and Seligman's study, list the similaries between the happiest students and the other students.

Back 43

GPA
Money
Self consciousness
physical appearance
how they spent their time

Front 44

List three things that seperated the happiest students from the other students in Diener and Seligman's study:

Back 44

More satisfied with their lives.
Never though about suicide.
Could recall more positive events than negative events.
reported more happy than unhappy emotions.
Had quality relationships in every area of their lives.

Front 45

List three of the happiest countries.
List three of the saddest countries.

Back 45

happy: denmark, sweden, switzerland
saddest: Japan, Greece, and Portugal

Front 46

name the electronic device that senses and records changes in several physiological indices including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and galvanic skin response.

Back 46

polygraph - "lie detector"

Front 47

Relevant/Irrelevant Technique and Control Question Technique are considered ______________ approaches.

Back 47

Direct Question

Front 48

When a person is asked relevant(criminal) and irrelevant (neutral) questions it's called ____________. If the person is involved in the crime there should be emotional weight differences.

Back 48

Relevant/Irrelevant Technique

Front 49

__________ compares questions that should have the same emotional weight. This helps the detective see more specifically what aspects the suspect is involved in.

Back 49

Control Question Technique

Front 50

Guilty Knowledge Testing and Guilty Action Testing are part of _______________ approaches.

Back 50

Indirect Question

Front 51

This type of testing uses only indirect questions the guilty person would be in a position to answer (i.e. what color were the walls). An innocent person should be indifferent in responding- a guilty person will have difficulty and respond selectively.

Back 51

Guilty Knowledge Testing

Front 52

This method of testing has a better track record than CQT. In fact, the guilty are detected 84% of the time and the innocent are detected 94% of the time.

Back 52

Guilty Knowledge Testing

Front 53

This is a modified version of guilty knowledge testing that focuses more on the actions that the guilty may have committed.

Back 53

Guilty Action Testing.

Front 54

True or False... most state and federal courts prohibit the testimony based on Lie Detectors.

Back 54

True.

Front 55

__________________ prohibits most employers from using polygraph tests for employment purposes.

Back 55

The Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988.

Front 56

One of the big problems with polygraph screening is that it's unreliable and its more efficient in detecting the _________ than the _________.

Back 56

Innocent 81%-100%
Guilty 64%-100%

Front 57

That greatest problems with the lie detector is that it detects ______ and ________, not lies.

Back 57

guilt and fear

Front 58

since polygraphs measure physiological responses people can use ____________ to prep themselves such as drugs, physical measures (biting their tongues), or mental methods.

Back 58

Countermeasures

Front 59

_____________ are looking at functional MRIs, thermal imaging technology, and reaction time.

Back 59

Future lie detecting devices

Front 60

__________ shows that detecting lies is very difficult since there are many different ways that people can lie... different parts of the brain are activated.

Back 60

Neuroimaging.