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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is motivation? |
It initiates, directs, and sustains behavior to satisfy physiological or psychological needs. |
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What are motives? |
Motives are needs or desires that energize and direct behavior towards a specific goal. |
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What are incentives? |
External stimulus that motivates behavior. |
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What is intrinsic motivation? |
Activities motivated WITHOUT any external rewards. They are done for the joy of doing them. Examples: hobbies, volunteering, the love of learning. |
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What is extrinsic motivation? |
Activities motivated by positive or negative consequences that follow. Example: going to college to get your parents off your back, cheating on your girlfriend so she'll break up with you when she finds out, only helping someone to have them help you back. |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is the "instinct theory"? |
This theory is no longer used as much. It stated that human behavior is motivated by innate, unlearned tendencies or instincts shared by all individuals. |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is the "homeostasis" theory? |
Homeostasis is the tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state. |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is the "drive-reduction theory"? |
Needs give rise to an internal state of tension called a "drive". Person is motivated to reduce this tension. Example: you become hungry, have drive/motivation to get food to reduce the hunger drive). |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is "arousal"? |
Arousal is a person's state of alertness, as well as their physical and mental activation. |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is the "arousal THEORY"? |
We all want to maintain an optimal level of arousal. This optimal level is different for everyone. |
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When it comes to theories of motivation, what is "stimulus motives"? |
Stimulus motives causes us to increase stimulation. |
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What is Yerkes-Dodson Law? |
Performance on a task is best when arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task. Higher arousal for simple tasks, medium arousal for medium tasks, and low arousal for difficult tasks. |
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What is "sensory deprivation"? |
Sensory stimulation is reduced to a minimum or eliminated. This can cause insanity, hallucinations, etc. when done for a long enough period of time. |
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What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? |
Bottom to top 1. Physiological needs (basic needs for food, water, shelter, etc.) 2. Safety needs (needs for safety/security) 3. Belonging/love needs (need to love and be loved, be accepted) 4. Esteem needs (gain respect/recognition from others) 5. Need for self-actualization (need to realize one's full potential) |
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What is a primary drive? |
Tension or arousal from a biological need, not based on learning. |
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When talking about the "hunger drive", what is the lateral hypothalamus? |
Part of the hypothalamus. When activated, it signals an animal to eat. When destroyed, the animal will initially refuse to eat anything. |
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When talking about the "hunger drive", what is the ventromedial hypothalamus? |
Part of the hypothalamus that acts as a satiety center. When activated, signals the animal to STOP eating. When destroyed, the animal overeats and becomes obese. |
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When talking about the "hunger drive", what are internal cues and what are external cues? |
Internal cues motivate hunger by stimulating the hypothalamus. Changes in blood sugar also motivate the hunger drive. External cues motivate hunger when we see or smell food that we like. |
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What is the fat cell theory? |
At a normal weight, a person has between 25 and 35 billion fat cells. The theory explains that once we finish growing, we no longer produce more fat cells. When adults gain weight, existing fat cells simply grow larger. Adults who were leaner as children have fewer fat cells to expand. |
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What is metabolic rate? |
The rate at which the body burns calories. |
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What is the set-point theory when it comes to weight? |
Genes influence both the number of fat cells and the metabolic rate. It's suggested that body-weight is regulated at a preferred level. |
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What happens to a person with anorexia nervosa? |
The person tries to restrict how much they eat. There is a fear of becoming overweight or a belief that they already are overweight. May starve themselves, which can lead to illness or death. They never feel thin enough. |
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What happens to a person with bulimia nervosa? |
Person is USUALLY of a normal weight. They are still afraid of gaining weight. Diet goes wrong, they end up binging on food. They feel bad about eating, so they purge (throw up). This is damaging to the body. |
