Psychology 2

Front 1

Interethnic Friendships

Back 1

Most adolescents are inclusive in their attitudes and have no problem having someone from another ethnic group join a club they are in. Adolescents that live in more diverse neighborhoods are more likely to have friends from other ethnic groups, since most adolescents make friends in their neighborhoods.

If adolescents have positive views of their own ethnic group, they are more likely to have positive views of other ethnic groups as well

Front 2

Friendships & Gender

Back 2

Early adolescents have friends of the same sex. Girls confront conflicts, boys ignore conflicts. Boys' friendships last longer, but girls' friendships are evaluated more positively

Front 3

Sexual Orientation & Friendship

Back 3

Gay/lesbian adolescents have smaller peer networks because they have lost more friends. In general, it is the quality of adolescents' relationships with friends (not their sexual identity) that contributes to their sense of well-being

Front 4

Peer Group

Back 4

A group of individuals of the same age; a social group that regulates the pace of socialization

Front 5

Clique

Back 5

A peer group made up of one's best friends, usually including no more than 5 or 6 members

Front 6

Crowd

Back 6

A peer group formed from several cliques of the same age group

Front 7

Liaison

Back 7

Adolescents who have friends in several cliques but do not themselves belong to any one of these cliques

Front 8

Isolate

Back 8

Adolescents who have few friends, either within a clique or outside it, and who have few links to other adolescents in the social network

Front 9

Crush

Back 9

An idealized fantasy about another person that is rarely reciprocated

Front 10

Dating

Back 10

A social activity that typically begins in mid-adolescence

Front 11

Youth Culture & School

Back 11

Popularity associated with athletics for males and school activities for girls

While academics do not lead to popularity, adolescents rate them as more important than athletics (unless in rural communities)

Front 12

Youth Culture & Conformity

Back 12

Conformity peaks at early adolescence, but adolescents with high social status and a well developed sense of self are less likely to feel the need to conform. Authoritative parenting also gives adolescents skills that help them make decisions for themselves

Front 13

Values

Back 13

Values of peers and parents usually complement each other, most adolescents have peers with similar values. Adolescents are more likely to seek out parental advice concerning long term decisions, and peer advice concerning daily matters and decisions

Front 14

Peer Pressure & Gender

Back 14

Boys consider anticipated outcome, while girls consider peer approval and friendship more.

Front 15

Direct Instruction

Back 15

Instruction directed toward the mastery of basic skills; all students are involved in the same activities at any given time

Front 16

Differentiated Instruction

Back 16

Flexible classroom structure providing multiple formats for gaining information

Front 17

Learning Styles

Back 17

Students' preferences concerning various aspects of the learning situation, for example, working individually or in groups, getting information by reading or listening to a class presentation

Front 18

School Effectiveness

Back 18

Effective schools have skilled teachers, establish small learning communities, provide supportive school climate, and involve parents and community in services they offer.

Front 19

Skilled Teachers

Back 19

Believe all students capable of learning

Interact with and reward students

Support students

Have organized classrooms

Front 20

Smaller Schools

Back 20

Students have more positive interactions

Fewer discipline problems

Fewer dropouts

Front 21

Parental Involvement

Back 21

More parental involvement leads to higher achievement, more positive attitudes, and higher aspirations