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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is conditioning?
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Learning process in which behavior is dependent on events
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What is learning?
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Any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to an experience
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What is associative learning and what are the two types?
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-Associative learning=formation of simple associations between stimuli and response
-Classical and operant conditioning are two types |
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What are antecedents and consequences?
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-Antecedents= an event that precedes a response
-Consequences= an event that follows a response |
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What is classical conditioning?
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Learning process in which a stimulus that doesn't have a response is paired with one that always has one (Pavlov)
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What is conditioning?
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Learning process in which behavior is dependent on events
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|
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What is learning?
|
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to an experience
|
|
|
What is associative learning and what are the two types?
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-Associative learning=formation of simple associations between stimuli and response
-Classical and operant conditioning are two types |
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What are antecedents and consequences?
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-Antecedents= an event that precedes a response
-Consequences= an event that follows a response |
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What is classical conditioning?
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Learning process in which a stimulus that doesn't have a response is paired with one that always has one (Pavlov)
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What is an unconditioned stimulus and response (US and UR)?
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-US=any stimulus that is innately capable of eliciting a response
-UR=an innate, reflexive response to a US |
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What is a neutral stimulus (NR)?
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A stimulus that does not naturally evoke a response
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What is a conditioned stimulus and response (CS and CR)?
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-CS=stimulus that evokes a response b/c it has been continuously paired with the US
-CR=learned response elicited by a CS |
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What were the responses and stimulus' in our eye experiment?
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-US=lights off
-UR=pupils dialate -NS=buzzer (before experiment) -CS=buzzer -CR=pupils dialating |
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What is acquisition?
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When a response is first established
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What is extinction?
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Gradual weakening or disappearance of a conditioned response
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What is short-delay conditioning?
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Neutral stimulus begins only a short time before unconditioned stimulus appears
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What is long-dealy conditioning?
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Neutral stimulus begins a long time before unconditioned stimulus appears
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What is trace conditioning?
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-NS begins before US is presented
-NS appears briefly, leaving a gap where no stimulus is present (between CS and US) |
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What is simultaneous conditioning?
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NS and US appear at the same time
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What is backward conditioning?
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CS warns that the US will now be absent
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What is temporal conditioning?
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No NS is presented, instead US is presented at regular intervals
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What is operant conditioning?
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Learning based on consequences of responses
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What are the 4 potential consequences?
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-Positive reinforcement= something good gets added
-Negative reinforcement=something bad is taken away -Positive punishment=adding something bad -Negative punishment=taking away something good |
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What is a reinforcement?
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Anything that increases likelihood a behavior will reoccur
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What is a punishment?
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Anything that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will reoccur
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What are the stimuli and responses for someone getting bitten by a dog (so then scared of dogs)?
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-US=attack/bite
-UR=fear -NS=dog bark (?) -CS=dog/bark -CR=fear of dogs |
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What is shaping?
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Reward each step until you get the behavior you desire
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What are the four basic reinforcement schedules?
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-Fixed ratio=set # of responses has to be made to get reinforcement
-Variable ratio=varying # of responses are made to get reinforcement -Fixed interval=set amount of time must pass before behavior is rewarded -Variable interval=random amount of time pass before behavior is rewarded |
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What is instinctual drift?
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Natural responses may limit ability to learn new, less natural responses
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What is latent learning?
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-Learning w/o reinforcement
-Opposed to behavioralism |
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What are mirror neurons?
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-Fire when preforming action or observing action
-Affects empathy, pain regions of brain light up when watching others in pain |
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What is generalization?
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Learned response may generalize to a similar stimuli
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What is discrimination?
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Learned response may be restricted to a narrow set of stimuli
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