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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Preferred method of knowledge acquisition
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The experimental method
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Goals of Psychology
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Description
Explanation Prediction Influence |
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The experimental method
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The only research method that can be used to identify cause-effect relationships between variables
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Dependent variable
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measured
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Independent variable
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manipulated
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Correlational method
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when experimental can't be used
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correlation coefficent
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number that indicates strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, between 1 and -1
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Neuron structure
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soma
dendrites axon myelin sheath (sometimes) |
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Neural messages are transmitted...
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...travel from cell body to axon, which transmits to dendrites on another neuron. myelin helps speed it up.
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left frontal lobe
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motion on right side of body, broca's area (speech production)
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hypothalamus
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sexual behavior, hunger, thirst, some emotions
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cerebral cortex
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covering for brain, responsible for higher mental processes
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motor cortex
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controls movement. higher up on the cortex, lower it is on the body (foot on top, neck on bottom, etc.)
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cortex
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gray matter
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damage to broca's area
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broca's aphasia. can't produce speech (with much difficulty) but can sing because that's housed on the other side of the brain.
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Damage to one primary visual cortex
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partial sight in both eyes
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right/left hemisphere
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control the other half
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motivation
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all processes that initiate, direct and sustain behavior
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theories on motivation: drive-reduction
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based on homeostasis (internal balance); biological need causes organism to satisfy need to reduce the drive it creates
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theories on motivation: instinct theory
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human behavior motivated by instincts
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theories on motivation: arousal theory
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motivated to maintain optimal level of arousal
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theories on motivation: maslow
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1) physiological
2) safety 3) belonging/love 4) esteem 5) self-actualization |
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yerkes-dodson law
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performance is best when arousal level is appropriate to difficulty: easier/high arousal, vice versa
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lateral hypothalamus (lh)
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incites eating
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ventromedial hypothalamus (vmh)
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inhibits eating
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hunger cues
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internal (blood sugar, etc.), external (bad-tasting food, etc.)
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metabolic rate
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rate at which body burns calories for energy
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set-point theory
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weight you normally carry when not trying to lose/gain weight
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anorexia nervosa/bulimia
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starvation/binge-purge; difficult to treat, but some success
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testing need for achievement
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need to accomplish something
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high need for achievement
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see success as a result of their own doings
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low need for achievement
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blame others/luck/fate
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theories of emotion: james-lange
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feels emotion based on physiological (fear based on trembling)
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theories of emotion: cannon-bard
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stimuli received - relayed to cerebral cortex and nervous system - state of arousal
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theories of emotion: schachter-singer
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physiological arousal + cognitive interpretation = emotion
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theories of emotion: lazarus
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cognitive appraisal comes first
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brain + fear =
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amygdala
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basic emotions
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unlearned & universal, facial expressions
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display rules
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big boys don't cry
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catharsis
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not beneficial
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holmes & rahe
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social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) (connection between stress and health problems)
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lazarus believed that stress...
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is worse when it's the daily hassles rather than large events
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conflict types
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approach-approach
avoidance-approach avoidance-avoidance |
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control
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we feel better when we think we have control
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ptsd symptoms
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flashbacks, nightmares, memories, anxiety, survivor guilt
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general adaptation syndrome
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alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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primary appraisal v. secondary appraisal
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is this dangerous to me? how do i deal?
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coronary heart disease risk factors
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smoking, weight, heredity, sedentary lifestyle
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type a v. type b
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uptight v. laid back
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type a "lethal"
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hostility/anger
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increasing the risk of cancer
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early sex, smoking, drinking,
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ethnic
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asian americans
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quitting smoking
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on your own
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alcohol's long-term effect
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shrinking brain
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aerobic exercise
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#1 alterable behavior to be healthy
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