Psychology 102- Personality

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personality

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a person's characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling

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psychoanalysis

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freud's theory of personality and his therapy for treating psychological disorders; focuses on unconscious processes

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conscious

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the thoughts, feelings, sensations, or memories of which a person is aware at any given moment

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preconscious

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the thoughts, feelings, and memories that a person is not consciously aware of at the moment but that may be easily brought to consciousness

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unconscious

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for freud, the primary motivating force of human behavior containing repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes and desires that have never been conscious

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id

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the unconscious system of personality, which contains the life and death instincts and operates in the pleasure principle. Source of the libido

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Ego

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in freud's theory, the logical, rational, largely conscious system of personality, which operates according to the reality principle

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Superego

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the moral system of the personality which consists of the conscience and the ego ideal.

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What are the three levels of awareness according to Freud?

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Consciousness
Preconscious
Unconscious

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Which is the only part of personality that is present at birth?

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The id

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What are the life instincts?

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sexual instincts, biological urges (hunger, thirst)

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What are the death instincts?

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aggressive or destructive impulses

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What is the pleasure principle?

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seek pleasure,avoid pain, gain immediate gratification
-followed by the id

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Which part of personality can only fantasize and demand?

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the id

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libido

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psychic energy that fuels personality

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Where does the ego evolve from and where does it draw its energy from?

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the id

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Reality principle

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ego uses this to decide when to satisfy id.
-consider restraints of the real world, decide when, where, what is appropriate for id's gratification

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What are the two parts of the super ego?

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the conscience and the ego ideal

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Conscience

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all behaviors for which child was punished and feels guilty

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ego ideal

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behaviors for which the child was rewarded or praised, feels pride or satisfaction
-initially parent's expectations, later incorporates social world

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which part of the personality sets guidelines that define and limit the ego's flexibility?

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Superego

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According to freud what is the most frequently used defense mechanism?

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repression

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defense mechanism

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a means used by the ego to defend against anxiety and to maintain self-esteem

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psychosexual stages

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stages through which sexual instincts develop, each with an erogenous zone around which conflict arises

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fixation

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arrested development at a psychosexual stage occuring because of excessive gratification or frustration at that stage

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repression

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involuntarily removing an unpleasant memory, thought, or perception from consciousness or barring disturbing sexual and agressive impulses from consciousness

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projection

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attributing one's own undesirable traits, thoughts, behaviour, or impulses to another

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denial

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refusing to acknowledge consciously the existence of danger or a threatening situation

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rationalization

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supplying a logical, rational, or socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action or event

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regression

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reverting to a behavior that might have reduced anxiety at an earlier stage of development

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reaction formation

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expressing exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of disturbing unconscious impulses and desires

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displacement

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substituting a less threatening object of person for the original object of a sexual or aggressive impulse

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sublimation

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rechanneling sexual and aggressive energy into pursuits or accomplishments that society considers acceptable or even admirable

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oedipus or elektra complex

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occurring in the phallic stage, a conflict in which the child is sexually attracted to the opposite-sex parent and feels hostility toward the same-sex parent

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When does the oral stage occur?

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birth to one year

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What is the erogenous zone of the oral stage?

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the mouth

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When does the anal stage occur?

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1-3 years

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What is the erogenous zone of the anal stage?

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the anus

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When does the phallic stage occur?

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3- 5 or 6

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What is the erogenous zone of the phallic stage?

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genitals

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When does the latency stage occur?

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5 or 6 years - puberty

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What is the erogenous zone of the latency stage

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there is none

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When does the genital stage occur?

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puberty onward

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What is the erogenous zone of the genital stage?

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genitals

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social-cognitive theory

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personality can be defined as a collection of learned behaviors acquired through social interactions

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reciprocal determinism

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bandura's concept of a mutual influential relationship among behavior, cognitive factors, and environment

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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory(MMPI)

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most extensively researched and widely used personality test, which is used to screen for and diagnose psychiatric problems and disorders; revised as MMPI-2

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validity scales

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asses test taker's truthfulness

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projective test

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people respond to inkblots, ambiguous situations, or incomplete sentences by projecting their inner thoughts, feelings, fears or conflicts onto the test materials

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rorschach inkblot method

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a projective test composed of 10 inkblots that the test taker is asked to describe, used to assess personality, make differential diagnoses, plan and evaluate treatment and predict behavior

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thematic apperception test

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projective test composed of ambiguous human situations which the test taker describes, thought to reveal inner feelings, conflicts and motives which are projected onto the test materials

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inventory

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paper and pencil test with questions about a person's thoughts feelings and behaviors, measures several dimensions of personality and can be scored according to a standard procedure
-objective test