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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Cognitive Psychologists

study how people think and acquire knowledge

Attention

the tendency to respond selectively to stimuli

Preattentive Processing

procedures for extracting information automatically or simultaneously across the visual field

The stroop effect

shows the difference between preattentive and attentive processes

change blindness

people think they remember everything in a scene they have recently scanned


(fail to detect changes)

algorithms

can apply algorithms to solve well- defined problems


-mechanical, repetitive, step-by-step procedures for arriving at solutions

heuristics

used to simplify problems or guiding investigations

maximize

to maximize is to thoroughly consider every possibility in order to find the best choice

insight

used in cases where we have no idea whether we'd be able to solve the problem

critical thinking

using our ability to evaluate our own thinking (metacogniton) to carefully evaluate evidence for any conclusion

the representativeness heuristic

tendency to assume that if an item resembles members of a particular category, it belongs in that category.

the availability heuristic

assuming that easily remembered examples of an event accurately indicate of how commonly that event occurs.

overconfidence

belief that our answers are more accurate than they are.

the framing effect

the tendency to answer a question differently when phrased differently

sunk cost effect

people are more likely to go if they are paid for it