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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cognitive Psychologists |
study how people think and acquire knowledge |
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Attention |
the tendency to respond selectively to stimuli |
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Preattentive Processing |
procedures for extracting information automatically or simultaneously across the visual field |
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The stroop effect |
shows the difference between preattentive and attentive processes |
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change blindness |
people think they remember everything in a scene they have recently scanned (fail to detect changes) |
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algorithms |
can apply algorithms to solve well- defined problems -mechanical, repetitive, step-by-step procedures for arriving at solutions |
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heuristics |
used to simplify problems or guiding investigations |
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maximize |
to maximize is to thoroughly consider every possibility in order to find the best choice |
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insight |
used in cases where we have no idea whether we'd be able to solve the problem |
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critical thinking |
using our ability to evaluate our own thinking (metacogniton) to carefully evaluate evidence for any conclusion |
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the representativeness heuristic |
tendency to assume that if an item resembles members of a particular category, it belongs in that category. |
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the availability heuristic |
assuming that easily remembered examples of an event accurately indicate of how commonly that event occurs. |
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overconfidence |
belief that our answers are more accurate than they are. |
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the framing effect |
the tendency to answer a question differently when phrased differently |
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sunk cost effect |
people are more likely to go if they are paid for it |