Psychology 100 Test 1

Front 1

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is being given a sugar pill. This kind of study is ____________________.

Back 1

double-blind.

Front 2

Animals are used in what percent of all psychological studies?

Back 2

7

Front 3

Because psychologists want to be as precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ________ to study psychology.

Back 3

the scientific method

Front 4

True or False: Correlation does imply causation.

Back 4

False

Front 5

Dr. Edwards wants to show a causal relationship between tobacco smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should ____________________.

Back 5

conduct an experiment, using animal participants.

Front 6

Dr. Jonas wanted to determine what would happen if rats were given food every time they completed a maze. He believed they would learn to complete the maze faster. This belief is called ____________________.

Back 6

a prediction.

Front 7

Followers of Freud who modified his original ideas have created a perspective called ____________________.

Back 7

neo-Freudianism.

Front 8

Freud believed that personality was formed ____________________.

Back 8

in the first 6 years of life.

Front 9

Freud believed that personality was ____________________.

Back 9

formed in the first six years.

Front 10

How does humanism DIFFER from psychodynamic theory and behaviorism?

Back 10

Humanism focuses on people?s ability to direct their own lives.

Front 11

True or False: If your experiment or study does not find support for your hypothesis, then your hypothesis must be incorrect.

Back 11

False

Front 12

In an experiment in which half of the participants are given a caffeinated product and half are given a decaffeinated product to determine if caffeine will make them more talkative, the independent variable is ____________________.

Back 12

caffeine.

Front 13

John Watson believed that phobias ____________________.

Back 13

are learned through the process of conditioning.

Front 14

Mary was a psychologist who focused on the role of the conscious and unconscious mind. To which view did Mary ascribe?

Back 14

psychodynamic

Front 15

Mrs. Lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. Lewis was in the ________ group.

Back 15

control

Front 16

One of the main reasons why Freudian concepts are so enduring is ____________________.

Back 16

they lack of any way to scientifically test them and, therefore, show them to be either useful or useless.

Front 17

Research shows that planning one's life around one's daily horoscope is ____________________.

Back 17

a bad idea, since predictions are rarely accurate.

Front 18

Researchers who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from ____________________.

Back 18

observer bias.

Front 19

Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for him. Sasha's research will be impacted by ____________________.

Back 19

the observer effect.

Front 20

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is ____________________.

Back 20

functionalism.

Front 21

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions more favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise have, probably because ____________________.

Back 21

of courtesy bias.

Front 22

Which early philosopher believed that the soul could exist separately from the body?

Back 22

Plato

Front 23

Which of the following illustrates psychology's goal of control?

Back 23

using rewards to help a smoker give up cigarettes

Front 24

Which of the following psychological professionals must always have a medical degree?

Back 24

psychiatrist

Front 25

A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both provide:

Back 25

a way to observe the brain as it functions.

Front 26

A new technique for interpreting EEG recordings that helps researchers obtain detailed and precise interpretations of the signals from different areas of the brain is called:

Back 26

independent component analysis (ICA)

Front 27

A special type of glial cells generate a protective fatty substance called ____________________.

Back 27

myelin.

Front 28

A work-related accident left Bob with a paralyzed left arm and an inability to recognize the left side of his visual field. Bob's condition is called:

Back 28

spatial neglect

Front 29

Digoxin is an example of a(n) __________ drug, which mimics or enhances the effects of neurotransmitters.

Back 29

agonist

Front 30

Dorothy has spinocerebellar degeneration, a condition that is likely to cause her to have difficulty with:

Back 30

walking, speaking, and/or standing.

Front 31

If the pancreas secretes too much insulin, it results in a condition known as:

Back 31

hypoglycemia.

Front 32

True or False: In Kluver-Bucy syndrome, damage to the amygdala is known to exaggerate, or intensify, the fear response.

Back 32

False

Front 33

Nerves that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the voluntary muscles are called ____________________.

Back 33

motor neurons

Front 34

True or False: Neurotransmitters that "turn on" cells, or lead them to fire, are referred to as inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Back 34

False

Front 35

True or Fasle: Ramon y Cajal was the first who theorized that the nervous system was made up of individual cells.

Back 35

True

Front 36

The "master gland" that controls or influences all of the other endocrine glands is the:

Back 36

pituitary gland.

Front 37

The branches of the life sciences that deal with the structure and functioning of the nervous system are:

Back 37

neuroscience

Front 38

The drugs called SSRIs relieve depression by:

Back 38

blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

Front 39

True or False: The left hemisphere is responsible for comprehending speech as well as producing speech.

Back 39

False

Front 40

True or False: The neurons outside the spinal cord are part of the peripheral nervous system.

Back 40

True

Front 41

The part of the autonomic nervous system known as the eat-drink-and-rest system is the:

Back 41

Parasympathetic division

Front 42

The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:

Back 42

Medulla

Front 43

The saclike structures that are found at the end of a neuron's axon and that contain neurotransmitters are called:

Back 43

synaptic vesicles.

Front 44

This part of the body is most likely to shut down in times of extreme stress.

Back 44

digestive system

Front 45

Too much dopamine in certain parts of the brain can cause _______; whereas too little dopamine in other areas of the brain can cause _______.

Back 45

schizophrenia; Parkinson's disease

Front 46

Which sense is the only one that is NOT processed through the thalamus?

Back 46

smell

Front 47

Which statement most accurately explains the difference in functioning between the right hemisphere of the brain and the left hemisphere?

Back 47

The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts.

Front 48

______ neurons carry messages to the spinal cord, and _____ neurons carry messages away from the spinal cord.

Back 48

Sensory; motor

Front 49

True or False: A highly saturated color would contain a mixture of different wavelengths of light.

Back 49

False

Front 50

True or False: A pictorial depth cue requires visual cues from only one eye.

Back 50

True

Front 51

True or False: According to gate-control theory, a structure in the spinal cord is closed when pain signals come into the spinal cord.

Back 51

False

Front 52

True or False: According to the moon illusion, the moon on the horizon appears much smaller than the moon in the sky.

Back 52

False

Front 53

True or False: Bottom-up processing is influenced by perceptual expectancy.

Back 53

False

Front 54

In 1996, Lindemann proposed a fifth primary receptor which detects this type of taste.

Back 54

peppery

Front 55

In Gestalt theories, the principle of closure refers to the tendency to ____________________.

Back 55

complete incomplete figures.

Front 56

Motion sickness can be explained by ____________________.

Back 56

conflict between visual and other sensory information

Front 57

True or False: Nerve hearing impairment can be helped with the use of ordinary hearing aids.

Back 57

False

Front 58

True or False: Opponent-process theory explains color vision at the level of the retina, whereas the trichromatic theory explains color vision at the level of the thalamus.

Back 58

False

Front 59

People who have a problem with their hearing are said to be either totally or partially:

Back 59

hearing impaired

Front 60

True or False: People who have been blind from birth but have had their sight restored are capable of depth perception.

Back 60

False

Front 61

True or False: Perception is a process that varies from individual to individual.

Back 61

True

Front 62

Rods are special cells responsible for:

Back 62

noncolor sensitivity to low light.

Front 63

True or False: Sensory adaptation occurs in the lower part of the brain, whereas habituation occurs at the level of the receptors.

Back 63

False

Front 64

True or False: Several authoritative studies have shown that manipulating subliminal perception is an effective way of influencing people's actions.

Back 64

False

Front 65

True or False: Taste buds and olfactory receptors are replaced as they die off.

Back 65

True

Front 66

Terry stepped on a nail while walking around barefoot in her yard one week ago. The spot where the skin was punctured still hurts, reminding her to take it easy on her foot. The soreness Terry is experiencing is known as:

Back 66

somatic pain.

Front 67

The three aspects of the perception of light are brightness, color and ____________________.

Back 67

saturation

Front 68

This mammal has the ability to hear at the highest frequency range.

Back 68

dolphins

Front 69

What are the three primary colors of light?

Back 69

red, blue, green

Front 70

What is the term for stimuli under the level of conscious awareness?

Back 70

subliminal perception

Front 71

Where is the retina located?

Back 71

at the back of the eye.

Front 72

Which of the following statements best explains how the sense of taste works?

Back 72

Molecules of food fit into receptors on taste buds, and neural signals are fired to the brain.

Front 73

True or False: Women are more likely to be color-blind than men.

Back 73

False

Front 74

"Date rape" drugs are effective for carrying out sexual assaults because they:

Back 74

render the victim unconscious.

Front 75

True or False: According to Freud, people dream in terms of symbols.

Back 75

True

Front 76

True or False: As a person enters deeper into sleep, body temperature lowers.

Back 76

True

Front 77

Fred is a cocaine addict. The more he uses the drug, the more he requires of it to get the same effect. Fred is experiencing ____________________.

Back 77

tolerance

Front 78

How many times does the sleep cycle repeat during a typical eight-hour sleep cycle?

Back 78

4 or 5 times

Front 79

True or False: Hypnosis can cause people to regress back to childhood.

Back 79

False

Front 80

True or False: It is most difficult to wake up a person in Stage 3 sleep.

Back 80

False

Front 81

Jorge is a teenager experiencing a period of rapid growth. As such, he needs more ________ sleep.

Back 81

restorative

Front 82

Naturals cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called ____________________.

Back 82

biological rhythms

Front 83

Night terrors ____________________.

Back 83

are a state of panic experienced while asleep.

Front 84

Niles has begun to suddenly fall asleep during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is probably suffering from ____________________.

Back 84

Narcolepsy

Front 85

Over half of drowsy driving fatalities occur ____________________.

Back 85

under the age of 25

Front 86

True or False: People deprived of REM sleep tend to show psychotic symptoms, such as halluncinations and paranoia.

Back 86

False

Front 87

True or False: People have often been known to commit immoral acts while hypnotized.

Back 87

False

Front 88

True or False: People spend about one quarter of their lives sleeping.

Back 88

False

Front 89

True or False: People who take amphetamines can lose touch with reality and experience hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia.

Back 89

True

Front 90

Psilocybin ____________________.

Back 90

is contained in a certain kind of mushroom.

Front 91

The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the ____________________.

Back 91

hypothalamus.

Front 92

Theodora suffers from an inability to get to sleep, and then to stay asleep. Which of the following would help Theodora with her insomnia?

Back 92

go to bed and get up on a regular schedule

Front 93

True or False: There are approximately 10 to 20 million alcoholics in the United States.

Back 93

True

Front 94

When Thomas was pulled over for erratic driving, He was found to have a blood alcohol level of .20%. His symptoms most likely included ____________________.

Back 94

depressed sensory and motor capabilities.

Front 95

Which of the following drugs is the most powerfully addicting?

Back 95

heroin

Front 96

Which of these is NOT considered to be a sign of physical dependency to a drug?

Back 96

hyperactivity

Front 97

Which statement about marijuana is TRUE?

Back 97

Marijuana is higher in carcinogens than cigarettes.

Front 98

________ cause the brain to alter its interpretation of sensations and can produce sensory distortions.

Back 98

Hallucinogens