Psychology 100 - Midterm 1 Osu

Front 1

Naive Realism

Back 1

-believing that your worldview is faithful to what is actually going on in the world.
-what you see is how it is

Front 2

Confirmation Bias

Back 2

the act of seeking out information that supports our own theories, and ignoring information that disconfirms it

Front 3

belief perseverance

Back 3

trying to defend our initial theories

Front 4

Hypothesis

Back 4

testable prediction

Front 5

Theory

Back 5

Explanation for your findings in the world

Front 6

Extraordinary Claims

Back 6

principle
science is driven by evaluating claims that you would not expect from current theories

Front 7

Scientific Skepticism v. Pathological Skepticism

Back 7

possibility of disconfirming evidence

Front 8

Falsifiability

Back 8

-only risky predictions allowed in science
-must say what might happen if you fail

Front 9

Occam's razor

Back 9

-anything that varies can be a variable
-the more variables in your theory the less likely it is to be true
-all else being equal, choose the simpler theory

Front 10

Replicability

Back 10

-in order to prove a result, tests need to be repeated and modified.
-is it true all times? in all places? with all people?

Front 11

The Correlation-Causation Fallacy

Back 11

-association does not imply guilt
-the third variable problem
~example: church and crime

Front 12

Heuristics

Back 12

Mental shortcuts

Front 13

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 13

Is it a member of the class?
-stereotypes

Front 14

Anchoring & Adjustment

Back 14

First impressions are weighed more heavily.

Front 15

Availability Heuristic

Back 15

based on thoughts that are most easily remembered

Front 16

Cognitive Biases

Back 16

Confirmation Bias
Hindsight Bias
Overconfidence

Front 17

Hindsight Bias

Back 17

overestimate how well we could successfully forecast outcomes

Front 18

Overconfidence

Back 18

overestimate correct prediction ability

Front 19

Random Selection

Back 19

represent all people in a population equally

Front 20

Reliability

Back 20

measurement consistency
crucial for validity

Front 21

Validity

Back 21

extent to which a measure assesses what it's suppose to

Front 22

Main Types of Research Studies

Back 22

Natural Observation
Case Study
Correlational Design
Experiment

Front 23

Natural Observation

Back 23

watching behavior in real-world settings

Front 24

Case Study

Back 24

one person examined thoroughly, usually over a long period of time

Front 25

Correlational Design

Back 25

extent of association of 2 variables

Front 26

Experiment

Back 26

Only one thing that gives causation
Research design of random assignment

Front 27

cell body

Back 27

makes proteins

Front 28

dendrites

Back 28

deliver a message to the cell body
can't send messages

Front 29

axons

Back 29

sends messages away from the cell. one per neuron.
they can see receive messages

Front 30

synaptic resides

Back 30

sacs containing neurotransmitters, released from axon terminals