Psychology

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Memory

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Organic system of data storage

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Info proccessing model

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System for taking meaningless input and turning it into usable data

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Encoding

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Process of grabbing specific inputs and marking it for storage and use.

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Storage

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Retention of meaningful data

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Retrieval

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Process of recalling encoded data

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Eidetic Memory

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Psychologic term for near perfect image memory

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Sensory Memory

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Data from your senses is taken and designated in order to help generate context.

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Working Memory

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Takes recent memories and stores them for a limited amount of time

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Long-Term Memory

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Last stage of memory where memory is comitted

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Maintenance Rehersal.

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Memory technique where you strictly repeat the information.

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Chunking

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Technique of taking multiple pieces of information, and making it one piece of easier to remember data

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Elaborative Rehersal

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Connecting new information to already learned info.

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Acoustic encoding

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Specefic encoding sequence that pertains to sound

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Lack-of-Proccessing Theory

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Theory that states the more you connect previous information to new, the better it will stick

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Procedural Memory

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Section of memory involved in creation and maintanence of your how-to book

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Declarative Memory

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Memory dealing with facts and experiences in your life

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Episodic Memory

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Subsection for all personal events

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Semantic Memory

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Section of memory strictly for meanings and concepts

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Engram

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Physical storage for memory or changes to memory from stimuli

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Anterograde Amnesia

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Scientific term for the inability to form new memories

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Consolodation

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When a memory goes from short term to long term

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Transience

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Idea that permenant memories fade over time

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Forgetting curve

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Graph demonstrating memory decay relaying to a data set

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Absent Mindedness

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Loss of a memory because not enough attention was paid

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Blocking

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A phenomenon caused when another memory interferes with retrieval/storage

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Proactive Interference

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Previously learned data blocks new, less important information from being stored

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Retroactive Interference

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Phenomenon where new info interferes with retrival of old info

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New generations interfere with old ones

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Serial Position Effect

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Theory that data at the begining and end of a set is easier to remember than middle info

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Missatribution

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Flaw that occurs when the wrong context is to a memory during retrieval. Attitiude plays into context aswell.

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Context

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Suggestability

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Quality of altering a memory with false but probable info

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Misinformation Effect

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False memory resulting from suggestability

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Retrograde Amnesia

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Inability to access previous memory

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Flash bulb Memory

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A specific type of memory that results from an emotionally charged event.

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Implicit Memory

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A type of memory that does need to be focused on. Like riding a bike or walking.

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Explicit Memory

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A type of memory requiring focused recall, like facts/experiences

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Retreival Cues

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Stimuli used to access previously committed memories

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Priming

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Memory procedure specifically used for retriving implicit memories

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Recall

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Process of remembering previously stored data

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Recognition

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Ability to identify known data

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Encoding Specifcity Principle

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Theory that emotion and context weigh in on how a memory is encoded/retrieved

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Mood Congruent Memory

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Someones mood depends on the memories they are able to retrieve

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TOT Phenomenon

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Inability to recall known information

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Tip of the Tounge

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Concepts

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Mental characterizations for ideas and knowledge

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Prototype

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System of categorization

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A category would be furniture. A member would be a chair, a subordinate would be a kitchen chair. The category is also known as a superordinate.

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Artificial Concepts

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Ideas defined soley by assumed data- like mathimatical formulas

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Concept Hierarchies

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Different levels of a concept

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Animal -> Lion, Tiger, Fox

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Event-Related Potentials

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Brain wave responses from stimulation. Measured via EEG

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Schema

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Knowledge cluster about a topic in life

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Script

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Exprctations for a certain action/behavior in society

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Algorithims

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A course of action or actions used to solve a problem

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Expectancy Bias

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Contents of a memory alter to fit ones expectations

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Self-Consistency Bias

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Common theory that we are smarter, and better behaved than is true

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Persistence

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Inability to rid yourself of negative memory

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Mnemonics

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Proccesses that can improve memory via connection to already learned data

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Meathod of Loci

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A technique used when memorizing a list using familiar, physical objects

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Natural Language Mediators

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Words associated with new information. Like acronyms; (Language Aquisition Device -> LAD)

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Language Acquisition Device

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Biologically pre-programmed brain structure that already contains basic grammar rules

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Grammar

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Rules of how to structure a language

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Morphemes

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Meaningful bits of a language like prefixes and suffix's

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Overregularization

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Incorrectly applying a grammar rule to others (goed & went)

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Computer Metaphor

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The common concept that the memory system is similar to that of a computer

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H.M Case

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Victim of botched brain operation. Resulted in Anterograde Amnesia

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Natural concepts

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Concepts drawn from direct experiences

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Mental Set

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Human reaponses are generally the same to different problems

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Functional Fixedness

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Inability to see a new/different solution to a problem

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Anchoring Bias

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Faulty rule of thumb based in an unrelated quantity

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Respresentitivness Bias

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Once a something/someone is cartegorized, they all share the features of said category

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Availability Bias

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A flawed way of judging probability based on how many times it has occured before