Psychology

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psycholgy

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It is the science of behavior and mental processes

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The case study

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In - depth Study Of a single person that can Often provide suggestions for further research

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Theory

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Explanation for a phenomenon ( event) based on careful and precise (valued) observation

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Hypothesis

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prediction about further behaviours that is derived (gain) From observation and theories

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Naturalistic (Realistic) Observation

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Study of behavior in its typical setting, with no attempt to alter(change) it

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Correlational (relation) Method

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It is simply defined as a relationship between two variables

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Survey method

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Research method that involves Collecting information from a Selected group of people who are representative of a larger Group

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Experimental method

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Research Method that involves manipulating(control) independent Variables (changeable)to determine how they affect dependent variables

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Experimental group

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The group in an Experiment that receives the effect of the indePendent variable being manipulated

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control group

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A comparison group in an experiment that does not receive The effect of the independent Variable being manipulated

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Structuralism

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Earliest approach in modern psychology. founded by WilhelmWund; its goalWas to anaLyze the basic elements of Conscions experience

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Functionalism

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Approach to psychology that focused On the purposes of Consciousness

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Gestalt psychology

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Approach to psychology most noted for emphasizing that our perception of a whole is different from our perception of the individual stimuli

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Behavioral Perspective

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Perspective that focuses on Observable behavior and emphasizes the learned nature of behaviour

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psychodynamic perspective

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View taken by Freud and his followers suggesting that normal and abnormal behaviors are determined primarily by Unconscious forces

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psychoanalytic therapy

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Treatment for maladaptive behavior by Freud, The goal is to bring Unconscious Causes of behavior to the Conscious Level

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Humanistic perspective

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Approach to psychology by Maslow and Rogers ; emphasizes free will and individuals Control Of their Own behavior

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physiological perspective

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view that behaviors and mental processes Can be understood and explained by Studgiug the underlying physiology

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Evolutionary Perspective

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Interest in the role a physiological Structure or behavior plays in helping an organism adapt to its environment

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Eclectic approach

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View of psychology that Combines several different approaches

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Clinical psychology

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specialty of psychology that involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

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psychiatrist

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Medical doctor with specialized training in the medical treatment of mental and emotional disorders

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Counselling psychology

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Specialty of psychology that deals with Less serious problems thau those treated by clinical psychologists

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School Psychologist

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Psychologist whose specialty encompasses diagnosing and treating Learning disabilities and providing Consultation on other problems of School - age children

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Industrial and Organizational psychologist

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Psychologist who applies psychology to problems of businesses and other organizations

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Consumer psychology

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Specialty of psychology that studies consumers and the choices they make

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Health Psychology

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Subfield of Psychology that is concerned with how psychological and social variables affect health and illness

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forensic Psychologist

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Psychologist who applies psychology to Law and Legal proceedings

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Sport Psychologist

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Psychologist who provides Services to athletes and Coaches based on psychological principles

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Neuropsychologist

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Psychologist trained in the diagnosis and rehabilitation OF brain disorders

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Evolutionary Psychology

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An area of Psychology that is interested in Looking for the adaptive benefits of selected human behaviors

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Stimulus

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Environmental feature that provokes a response from an organism

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Central nervous system(CNS)

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Division of the nervous system that Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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Division of nervous system that consists Of the neural fibers Lying outside of the brain and spinal cord

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Afferent (sensory) nerves

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Nerves that carry information from the receptors to the spinal cord and brain

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Automatic nervous System

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Division of the peripheral nervous System involved in the Control 0f bodily functioning through organs and glands

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Sympathetic nervous system

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Subdivision of automatic nervous system that is responsible for mobilizing the body in times of stress. preparing organisms for fight Or flight

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parasympathetic nervous system

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Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for returning the body to a resting or balanced State

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Endocrine system

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System of glands that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones that can have effects some distance from the gland that secreted the hormone

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Hormones

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Chemicals produced by the glands of the endocrine system that are carried by the bloodstream to Other organs throughout the body

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Hypothalamus

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Gland and brain structure That sends signals to the pituitary gland and contains key centers for fighting, fleeing, sexual activity, and hunger

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Thyroid Gland

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Endocrine gland Located just below the larynx that releases hormones including thyroxine , which has widespread effects Throughout the body Via its effects on metabolic rate

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Synapse

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Site where two or more neurons interact but do not touch ; neurotransmitters are released into the space in order to continue neural impulses

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Neurotransmitters

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Chemical substances that are stored in terminal buttons and released into the synapse between two neurons to carry signals from one neuron to the next