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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A person's awareness of external events and internal sensagtion under the condition of arousal |
Consciousness |
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What parts of the brain involved in awareness |
Prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate |
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What can produce altered states of consciousness |
High or lower level consciousness |
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When we are sleeping which level of consciousness are we in |
Subconscious awareness |
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Daily behavior or physiological cycle that involves the sleep and wake cycle, body temperature, and blood pressure and blood sugar level |
Circadian rhythm |
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The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or getting good quality sleep |
Insomnia |
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In what's sleep stage does sleepwalk occurs |
Stage 4 non-REM sleep |
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Bad dreams courage during REM sleep |
nightmare |
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A disorder in which the person experience extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully |
Night terrors |
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What kind of sleep seizure |
Narcolepsy |
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Disorder in which that person stops breathing for half a minutes or more during sleep |
Sleep apnea |
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Physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of a drug in the brain system |
(Drug) withdrawal |
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A systematic relatively permanent change in behavior and mental process that occurs through experiences or practice |
Learning |
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The behavior perpective defines learning as the acquisition of new behavior through _____________. |
Conditioning |
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What type of learning is taste aversion |
Classical conditioning - learning association |
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People learn that association between two stimuli through ________ whereas people learn the association between a behavior and a consequence through _________. |
Through law of effect and expection |
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The process by which about rewarding stimulus following a particular behavior increases the possibility that the behavior will happen again |
Reinforcement |
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Any event or stimulus that when following a behavior decreases the likelihood that the behavior occur again weakens the behavior |
Punishment |
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What is one common aspect of all forms of negative reinforcement |
Taking away to increase behavior |
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Primary reinforces |
Food, liquid touch and sexual |
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Secondary reinforces |
Money and gold star |
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Speaking as a form of ________ punishment time out is a form of ________ punishment |
Positive and negative |
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stages for effective punishment |
Positive: reinforcement, punishment Negative: reinforcement, punishment Reinforcement: positive or negative Punishment: negative or positive |
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What learning theory does applied behavior analysis rely on |
Related concepts - behavior modification |
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Observation learning example |
Man who abused his wife grew up watching his father abused his mother Good pants grew up watching how their parents behave as good parents Children's who imitates their teachers Teenagers copying pop-culture stars |
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Four elements of observational learning |
attention, retention, motor reproduction, reinforcement |
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Main focus and learning based on the cognitive perspective |
Inner material activities role of material process in learning |
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3 key process of memory |
Encoding, storage and retrieval |
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What kinds of activities are used for encoding |
The process by which information gets into memory storage |
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Deep processing example |
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What activity of encoding is linked with neural activity expecially in their brains left frontal lobe |
Elaboration - breaking down information |
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How long does information last in sensory memory |
2 - 4 seconds |
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What type of memory does a piano tuner use when he tunes a piano |
Sensory memory |
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Iconic sensory memory example |
What the f***- double talk You were driving down the street looking at the person and cars on either side of your vehicle all of a sudden you thought what was that man not wearing any pants and you looked back to check you noticed a person wearing no pants because his image was lingering in your iconic sensory memory |
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Duration of iconic and echoic sensory memory |
Iconic memory 1/4 second Echoic memory 2 - 4 seconds |
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Selective attention example |
Many communication around here and you can only focus on one |
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The capacity short term memory |
5 to 9 bits of information |
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by repeating information over and over in one's head we can maintain it in short term memory longer |
Rehearsal |
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How do memory stand very rhyming with population tested and with materials used |
Why is very rich population in preferences and history |
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Working memory example |
We are using our working memory when we are performing computation such as solving the arithmetic problem 64 times 6 in your head Repeating a list of terms that has just been read in reverse order Simultaneous oral language translation |
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if all of the information on that hard drive of your computer is like long term memory then _________ memories is comparable to what you exactly have open and active on the computer at any given moment |
Working memory |
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Implicit and explicit memories are also called _______ and ________ memories |
Implicit - non declarative memory Explicit - declarative memory |
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Memories for information about the world including general knowledge of what you learn at school everyday knowing about the meaning of words famous people important places and common things |
Semantic memory |
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Retention of information about the where when and what of life happens that is how individual remembers life episodes |
Episodic memory |
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According to the semantic network theory and is long term memory organized |
Everything linked together and connected |
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Overview of memory and the brain |
Everything is organized into categories and neuro transmitter |
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What type of memory will be affected by injury to cerebellum |
Implicit memory |
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Why does the serial position effects occur |
Epicurious memory and long term encoding and drop off lest working memory |
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Retrieval cue examples |
An aha moment someone gives you a hint |
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--- a memory task in which the information to be retrieved must be pulled from memory with few or no external cues--- matching new informations to what is already in long term memory |
Recall and recognition |
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what kind of assessment methods ( multiple choice test, short answer test, essay test, etc) requires recall process |
Essay test |
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why can we vividly remember the twin Towers collapsing |
Flashbulb memory |
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Loss of information occurs due to difficulty in transferring the information for short term memory to long term memoryWe forget the most info within an hour rates of forgotten slows after |
Curve of forgetting |
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Encoding failure example |
Example - Lincoln penny - oh I know the answer but I don't |
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Proactive interference example |
When you are changed back to your car you keep reaching down to the wheel of the gear shifter |
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Inability to recall events that occurred before the onset of the amnesiaNot memories from the past |
Retrograde amnesia |
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What type of memory did H.M. have difficulty with after removing part of his hippocampus and temporal lobes |
Anterograde amnesia |
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Brain cells dies and communication disrupted and plack builds around nerve cells |
Overall of alzheimer's disease |