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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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E. L. Thorndike
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Law of Effect - precursor to operant conditioning
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Kurt Lewin
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Theory of Association - forerunner of behaviorism (grouping things together that occur in the same time/space)
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Ivan Pavlov
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Classical Conditioning - pairing of a neutral stimulus with a non-neutral stimulus to get a particular response
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John B. Watson
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Behaviorism - learning occurs through stimulus-response chains, conditioning develops these chains
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B.F. Skinner
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Operant Conditioning - influencing behavior through reinforcement strategies
Skinner Box - rats in box w/lever |
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Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum/ Fritz Heider/ Leon Festinger
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Congruity Theory/ Balance Theory/ Cognitive Dissonance - People desire to be balanced with respect to their feelings and behaviors
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Clark Hull
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Performance = Drive x Habit - individuals motivated by drive then according to successful habits.
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Edward Tolman / Victor Vroom
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Expectancy-Value Theory - people motivated by goals they expect to be able to meet
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Henry Murray / David McClelland
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Need for Achievement/ Theory of Motivation
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Neil Miller
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Approach-Avoidance Conflict - the further one is from the goal, the more you focus on the pros/ closer to the goal, focus on cons
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Donald Hebb
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Yerkes-Dodson effect - medium arousal is best for performance; simple tasks require higher arousal than complex tasks
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Albert Bandura
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Bobo the clown experiment - modeling
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John Garcia
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Nausea experiments on rats - some conditioning helped or hindered by evolutionary predispositions
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M.E. Olds
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Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in brain used as pos. reinforcement.
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Noam Chomsky
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Transformational grammar - different surface structure does not automatically change deep structure (intended meaning)
Language Acquisition Device - inborn ability to adopt generative grammar rules |
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Benjamin Whorf
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Whorfian hypothesis - language influences a culture's perspectives
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Roger Brown
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Children's understanding of grammatical rules develops as they form hypotheses about how syntax works and self-correct with experience
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Kathrine Nelson
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Onset of Active speech (after 1st year) marks beginning of learning language
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William Labov
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"Black" English is not incorrect English, but has own complex internal structure
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Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria
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Word meanings altered by personal experiences. Language is a tool in developing abstract thought.
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Charles Osgood
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Semantic differential charts - people with similar backgrounds and interests plot word meanings near one another
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