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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychopathology
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Study of:
Origins/causes Symptoms Development |
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Psychopathology
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Normal vs, Crazy
Social and Cultural Context Social Stigma |
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Social Stigma
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Twitching
-pulled muscle vs. schiziphrenia |
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Misinformation in TV
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Portrayed as murderers
Prone to violent |
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Psychotherapy
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Reluctant to seek help - don't want to seem crazy so they hid it
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What is a Psychological Disorder?
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Behavioral and psychological symptoms that:
Cause significant personal distress Impairs ability to function OR BOTH |
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DSM-IV
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Dignostic and Statistical Manual (4th edition) 1994
Over 250 disorders Includes: Symptons Criteria Causes (of the disorder) Written by many |
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Prevalence of disorders
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Out of the Population
*48% in lifetime *30% in past of 12 months *80% do not recieve treatment *3-5% need treatment immediately |
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Gender Differences
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Women: Anxiety Depression
Men: Anti-Social personality Substance abuse Schizophrena |
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Diagnosis rates
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Women are more likely to seek help than meen
Doctors treat men differently then women |
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Panic Attacks and Disorder
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Panic Disorder
Panic Attacks |
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Panic Disorder
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Type of anxiety disorder
Characertized by repeated episodes of intense anxiety or panic |
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Panic Attacks
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Episode of intense fear or discomfort
Accompanied by physical symptoms |
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Panic attacks Facts
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Rapidly escalates - they come on quickly
Peaks: 10-15 minutes Sense of imminent danger Decrease quickly also |
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Diagnostic Features (at least 4)
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1. Rapid heart rate
2. sweating 3. Trembling or shaking 4. Shortness of breath 5. Chocking sensation 6. chest pains and discomfort 7. Nausea 8. Dizziness 9. Feelings of unreality 10. Feeling of losing control 11. Fear of dying 12. Numbness or tingling 13. Chills or hot flashes |
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Facts
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ER - they go here cause they thing that they are dying.
Prevalence of panic attacks - 10% of healthy people will have 1 event |
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Panic Attacks to Panic Disorder
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For a disorder diagnosis, person must:
Have experienced repeated panic attacks And one of the following at least 1 month of attacks Worry about consequences of attacks Signifcant change in behavior |
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Disorder can lead to....
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Agoraphobia - which is avoidance of public (open) places where you might have an attack.
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Panic Disorder
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Begins - late in adolesence
Prevalence - 1-4% of population Gender - women 2x as likely as men |
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Causes
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Biological
Cognitive |
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Biological
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Serotonin levels are down
norepinephrin down brains respirtory alarm defect |
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Cognitive
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Overly sensitive to fluctations in our body
Over react to bodiy changes |
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Treatment Approaches
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Most widely used:
Drug Therapy - anti depressants Cognitive-behavioral therapy - help them relizae bodily changes aren't link to imminent danger |
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Phobias
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An excessive irrational fear
Disproportionate to threat Disruption of daily life |
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Types of Phobias
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Specific
Social Agoraphobia |
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Specific Phobia
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Intense, irrational fear of specific object or situation
Often begins in childhood 7-11% of population woman 2x as likely |
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Social Phobias
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Excessive fear of social interactions or situations
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Social Phobia facts
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Begins in childhood or adolescence
3-13% of population More common in women |
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Agoraphobia
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Fear of panic attack in public places
More common in wommen Late adolescence or early adulthood |
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Explaining Phobias
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Learning - Classical Conditioning
Biological - we were born with these fears Cognitive - we engage in self-deafting thoughts |
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Treatment Approaches
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Learning - most popular- desensitation
Cognitive - Therapist there to talk about thoughts Drug - Paxell, soloft |
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Obessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Life is Dominated by - repetitive thoughts and behaivors
Also Causes marked distress Occupy more than 1 hour a day OR Interfere with normal functioning |
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Obessions
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Intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts
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Compulsions
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Behavior or mental act driven to perform
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Obessions and Compluslions
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Can have one or both
May or may not be related |
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OCD Facts
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2-3% of population
Equal in men and women |
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Causes
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Biological
Cognitive |
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Biological
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Disfunction in frontal lobe
Disfunction in the caudate nucleus related to movement |
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Cognitive
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Feel like they need to be perfect
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Treatment Approaches
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Drug - anti depressents
Exposure with response prevention - put in situtations where OCD will come up and not let them engage in behavior |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Persistent feelings of anxiety
Not triggered by specific object, situation, or activity |
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More on Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Constant Worriers
Everyday, minor things Getting stuck in traffic Well being of children |
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Facts on Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Frequently occurs with other disorders
Begins in mid-teens to mid-20's Follows a life course 5% of population 2x as common in women |
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Causes
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Learning
Cognitive Biological |
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Learning
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Have anxiety in one, so they carry it over to another disorder
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Cognitive
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Worries are exgattered
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Biological
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Imbalance of neurotransmitters
Over active amygdala |
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Treatment Approaches
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Drug therapy - paxell
CBT - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - therapist makes you think other things |
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Mood Disorders
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Disturbances in mood that are:
Unusually severe or prolonged Impair ability to function |
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Types of mood disorders
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Depressive Disorders (unipolar)
Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Mood Swing Disorders (Bipolar) Bipolar disorder Cyclothymic Disorder |
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Major Depressive Disorder
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Occurence of 1 or more major depressive episodes
In the absence of a history or mania |
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Symptoms of Major Depression
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Emotional
Behavioral Cognitive Physical |
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Emotional Symptoms
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Sadness
Guilt Emptiness Disconnect |
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Behavioral Aymptoms
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Less or no eye contact
Now smiles Crying Loss of Pleasure Withdrawal |
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Cognitive symptoms
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Difficulty thinking
Pessimism- glass is half empty, or think of bad situations Suicidal thoughts |
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Physical Symptoms
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Appetite - goes either way
Insomnia - inability to sleep Anxiety No interest in sex |
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Facts
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"Common Cold"
Adequate treatment Risk factors - age socioechomic status maratial status 4 episodes - major ones in their lives |
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Pervalence
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More common in women
10-25% women 5-12% men |
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Why more commen in women?
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Biological differences
Reporting bias Diagnosis bias |
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Diagnostic features of major depressive episode
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5 or more of following symptoms
During 2 week time period At least one of depressed mood or loos of interest Must cause distress/impairment Not bereavement |
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Diagnostic Symptoms
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Depressed mood
Loss of interest Weight gain or loss Insomnia or oversleeping Agitation or slowing down Fatigue Worthlessness Problems concentrating Thoughts of death |
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Dysthymic Disorder
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Defined - mild but chronic form of depression
Facts: Child hood orgins Constant Occurrences: 8% women 4% men |
