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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the medical model of psychological disorders?
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A physical disorder is a disease
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What is the criteria for abnormality?
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Deviance from what is normal; Maladaptive, impaired adaptive behaviour; Causes personal distress
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What does the DSM stand for? Why is it important?
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, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. It provides consistency across the psychological field, makes it easier to diagnose disorders.
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What is epidemiology?
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The study of the distribution of disorders in the population
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What is prevalence?
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The percentage of a population exhibiting the disorder at specific time
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What is lifetime prevalence?
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percentage of people diagnosed at any time of their lives with a disorder
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What is a diagnosis?
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A way to distinguish one illness from another
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What is etiology?
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The cause of an illness, why it occurs.
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What is a prognosis?
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A medical forecast of course of illness
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What is an anxiety disorder?
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A chronic or episodic feeling of unease, worry. Includes PTSD, general anxiety disorder, panic disorders, social anxiety disorder, and OCD.
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What is PTSD? What are the symptoms?
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by a traumatic event. It is characterized by flashbacks or nightmares, an increase of anxiety and other emotional arousal, as well as a desire to avoid all reminders of the trauma
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What is General Anxiety Disorder? What are the symptoms?
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It is described as a free-floating anxiety, anxiety that occurs without reason.
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What is Panic Disorder? What is the symptoms?
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Panic disorder is shown with random spikes of anxiety, not caused by anything. They are shown through panic attacks, which leave the sufferer unable to breathe, chest pounding, and shaking. It can lead to agoraphobia, which is the fear of crowded places, as they are afraid of having a panic attack around many people.
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What is Social Anxiety Disorder? What is the symptoms?
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Social anxiety is much like every other type of anxiety, though the anxiety is triggered by social events.
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What is OCD? What are the symptoms?
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is characterized by having both obsessions and compulsions. That is to say, they are preoccupied with something constantly, and as a result have a ritual to ease these preoccupations
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What is the etiology of anxiety?
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Anxiety has a genetic disposition, it can be learned, or can arise as a result of excessive stress.
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What is a dissociative disorder? What are three types?
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It is the loss of a vital part of a person’s identity. It covers: d. amnesia, which is the loss of personal information; dissociative fugue, which is the loss of an entire life; and dissociative identity disorder (MPD), which is caused by excessive stress, and is a new identity created to separate sufferer from negative emotions
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What is a Mood disorder? What are the two main types?
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A disorder of impacted mood. It is mainly episodic, if treated. It includes Major Depressive Disorder, and Bipolar disorder. Characterized by disturbed emotion.
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What is the etiology of mood disorders?
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Caused by genetic, an imbalance of neurochemicals, as well as a by negative thought and stress.
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What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
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A profound sadness, and anhedonia
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What is anhedonia?
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anhedonia is a symptom of depression, and it is the loss of previously enjoyed activities
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What is Dysthymic disorder?
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a lesser version of major depressive disorder
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What is Bipolar disorder(BP)?
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a change of emotion between two extremes, each lasting for upwards of a week
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What is the difference between BP1 and BP2?
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bipolar 1 is characterized by manic episodes and depressive episodes, whereas bipolar 2 is characterized by major depression and hypermania
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What is mania?
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Mania is a good mood, lasting upwards of a week. During this time, there is a shocking lack of self control and increase of self esteem. There is an increase of risk taking, promiscuity, and drug abuse.
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What is cyclothymic disorder?
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a lesser version of bp, the mania is not quiet as high, and the depression is not as low
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What is S.A.D.?
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Seasonal Affective Disorder is a form of depression that is episodic as a result of a season, either winter or summer.
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How can you help a depressed friend or relative?
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Be aware of the signs and changes of behaviour. Support them, listen, and invite them out to distract them. Things will get better. Keep alert for suicidal comments.
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What is schizophrenia? What are the symptoms?
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Schizophrenia has symptoms of irrational thought and hallucinations, and is characterized by disturbed emotions.
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What is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
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Positive symptoms are a behavioural excesses, such as hallucinations
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What is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
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Negative symptoms are behavioural deficits, such as social withdrawal
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Are positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia treated by medications?
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Positive symptoms
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What are the prognostic factors of schizophrenia?
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If it has a later onset, it will respond better to treatment. There are three types of sufferers: 1. After one round of treatment, never has a relapse; 2. Is able to rejoin society, but will relapse; 3. Is unable to be cured, will forever be hospitalized.
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What is toxoplasmosis? Where is commonly found?
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A parasite found in cat feces, and is shown to cause schizophrenia. While it does lay dormant in most of the population, it small percentages of people, it is known to cause schizophrenic symptoms.
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What are personality disorders? Types
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There are three clusters of personality disorders, which include: anxious-fearful disorders, avoidant pd, dependant pd, obsessive-compulsive pd; dramatic-impulsive disorders, histrionic pd, narcissistic pd, borderline pd, antisocial pd; odd-eccentric disorders, schizoid pd, schizotypal pd, and paranoid pd.
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What is antisocial personality disorder?
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The psychological term for a sociopath. Includes lack of empathy, easily irritated, recklessness, and superficial charm.
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Is Insanity a diagnosis?
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No, insanity is a term used by lawyers, and it includes people who are a danger to themselves, others, and are in need of psychological treatment.
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