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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychological disorder |
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts.
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attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
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a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
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medical model
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the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital.
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DSM-IV-TR
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the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, updated as of 2000 "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
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anxiety disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
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generalized anxiety disorder
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an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
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panic disorder
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an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
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phobia
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an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
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an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
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post-traumatic growth
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positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
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somatoform disorder
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psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.
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conversion disorder
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a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found.
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hypochondriasis
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a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensation as symptoms of the disease.
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dissociative disorders
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disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
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a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. formerly called multiple personality disorder.
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mood disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
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major depressive disorder
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a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
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mania
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a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
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bipolar disorder
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a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. formerly called manic-depressive disorder.
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schizophrenia
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a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
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delusions
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false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
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personality disorders
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psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
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antisocial personality disorder
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a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
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