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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dysfunctional Behavior
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interferes with a person's ability to function in day-to-day life.
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When defining behaviors as abnormal....
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when they are statistically unususal, and are not socially approved.
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Insanity
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a legal ruling that an accused individual is not respondsible for a crime.
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Medical Model
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views abnormal behaviors as no different from illnesses and seeks to identify symptoms and prescribe medical treatment.
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Psychodynamic model
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views psychological disorders as resulting from unconscious conflicts related to sex and aggression.
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Behavioral Model
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views abnormal behaviors as learned through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.
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Cognitive Model
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suggests that our interpretation of events and our beliefs influence our behavior.
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Sociocultural Model
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emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences on the frequency, diagnosis, and conception of psychological disorders.
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Diagnosis
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the process of deciding whether a person has symptoms that meet established criteria of an exsisting classification systems.
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Most frequently used system for classifying psychological disorders is...
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American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders.
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Epidemiologists
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study the distribution and factos associated with accidents, diseases, and psychological disorders.
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Incidence
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the rate of new cases reported during a given period.
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Percentages of Disorders
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52%- No disorder
21%- one disorder 13%- two disorders 14%- three or more |
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Anxiety
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a general feeling of apprehansion characterized by behavioral, cognitive, or physiological symptoms.
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Phobias
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excessive, irrational fears of activites, objects, or situations.
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Agoraphobia
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avoidance of public places or sityuation in which escape may be difficult should the individual develop incapacitating or embarressing symptoms of panic.
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Social Phobia
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refers to a fear related to being seen or observed by others.
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Panic Disorder
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the most sever anxiety disorder, characterized by intense physiological arousal not related to a specific stimulus.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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involves a chronically high level of anxiety that is not attached to a specific stimulus. (free floating)
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive, irrational, intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images.
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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a reaction to a traumatic or life-threatening situation.
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Somatoform Disorders
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involve complaints of bodily symptoms that do not have a known medical cause; instead psychological factors are involved.
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Hypochondriasis
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a somatoform disorder in which a person believes that he or she has a serious disease despite repeated medical findings to the contrary.
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Bipolar Disorder
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a mood disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression, which usually alternate.
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Mania
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refers to excessive activity, accelerated sppech, poor judgment, elevated self esteem, and euphoria that occur in bipolar disorder.
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What drugs reduce depression..
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Elavil and Prozac
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What is a twin pair said to be when both twims have mood diorders?
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concordanct
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Concordance Rate
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the percentage of twin pairs in which both twins have the disorder.
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Concordance rate for identical twins and fraternal twins.
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identical twins: 65%
fraternal twins: 14% |
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What does the psychodynamic model emhasize?
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early childhood experiences as the foundation of adult behavior and emotional reactions.
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Schizohrenia
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a psychotic disorder that is characterized by positive symptoms (excessive) or negative symptoms (deficits).
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Psychosis
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a general term for disorders in which severly disturbed people lose contact with reality and may require hospitalization.
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The "split" in schizophrenia...
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is not among different personalities, it is a split from reality as well as a split between thoughts and emotions.
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Delusions
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false beliefs that cannot be corrected despite strong eidence to the contrary.
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Hallucinations
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perceptions that are not caused by stimulation of the relevant sensory receptors.
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Speech of people with schizophrenia..
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may be adequate in amount yet convey little information. Language that is vague, too abstract, too concrete, or repetitive is termed pverty of content.
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Flat Affect
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failure to experience any emotion.
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Avolition
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Difficulty making decisions.
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Apathy
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lack of energy and drive.
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Subtypes of Schizophrenia
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1. Catatonic
2. Disorganized 3. Paranoid 4. Residual 5. Undifferentiated |
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Does schizophrenia run in the family?
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Yes.
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Prevalence estimates range for Schizophrenia...
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.5% - 1.5%
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Environmental influences on schizophrenia include...
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stress and hostile family communication.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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a personality disorder charaacterized by decietful, impulsive, reckless actions that violate social norms for which the individual feels no remorse.
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Gender Identity Disorder
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a sexual disorder in which a person believes that he or she was born with the wrong biological sex organs.
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Paraphilia
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refers to sexual arousal by bjects or situations not considered sexual by most people.
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Fetishism
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a paraphilia in which a person is sexually aroused by unusual objects or body parts.
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How many seperate categories does "substance" have?
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11
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