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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
a contemporary of Galileo and Kepler. He was a gifted French philospher, a physiologist, and a brilliant mathematician.
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Rene Descartes
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A _____ was defined as an action that occurred w/out the involovement of the mind / the souls.
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reflex
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Today, we know that the______ is present in animals and man, and makes the hormone melatonin.
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pineal gland
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According to ______,consciousness stems from a self that perceives the sensation of the body or brain, but it is distinct from the brain and the body.
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Descartes
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Until the 17th century, _____logic was the primary approach used for established scientific truth. The 'revelution' of the 17th century centered on seeing truth in a more relative manner.
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Aristetotelian
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_____ _____ was a brilliant Englishman.
He had a strong interest in technology. He was a laywer, philospher, and a high gov't official. He viewed the human mind consisting of 3 essential faculties: memory, imagination, and reason. He wrote "Novum Organum." |
Francis Bacon
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____ ____ is English contemporary of Descartes. He was the first major figure of the modern era to embrace a physical explanation of consciousness.
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Thomas Willis
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____ was the 1st to view mental disorders as a biological illness rather than daemonic possession.
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Willis
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Willis followed the ideas of the French philosopher/astronomer named_____ _____.
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Pierre Gassendi
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____ is an inflammation of the membrane tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis
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___ ____ ____ established the modern empirical approach to physics, and the importance of the scientific method.
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Sir Isaac Newton
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_____ invented a reflecting telescope and discovered gravity.
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Sir Isaac Newton
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___'s dominant interest was in the question of how best to make rational and peaceful decisions about conflicting political, ideological, or religious views.
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John Locke
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_____is often considered the "Father of Experimental Psychology."
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John Locke
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trick:try to remember that he was like a "father."
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____was the last great philospher to address the mind/body problem prior to the onset of modern brain science at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Immanuel Kant
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_____believed that humans have innate knowledge and use reason.
-believed that rational thought depends upon data from the physical world, which is obtained through our senses. |
Immanuel Kant
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____, a German, was interested in how the brain processes information
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Wilhelm Wund
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"Do we really have control over our fate"?
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FREE WILL VS FATE
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"To what degree are we animals?"
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MAN VS. ANIMAL
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"Consciousness"
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WHAT IS ITS ROOT? WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
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Psychobiology does not take a deterministic view. The environment modifies genetic potential.
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FREE WILL VS ARGUMENT
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_____ = "letting out the bad spirit."
cutting holes in the skull. |
trephination
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_____dissected animals and identified motor and sensory nerves.
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Galen
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____are the site where God directs man's behavir, according to St. Augustine.
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ventricles
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It was believed that by St. Agustine ____took away the waste products and could convey information.
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ventricles
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____was an Italian physician who wrote the 1st book on human anatomy. His comparative animal studies showed that man's ventricles were not unique.
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Vesalius
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____drew very accurate [drawings] of the human body, which were later published and made into prints by the Gutenberg Printing Press.
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Vesalius
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____believed the Earth was round. The church believed him, because he incorporated religion in his theory.
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Ptolemy
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____claimed that the ventricles in our brains are a source of knowledge in which God directs us.
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St. Agustine
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___'s logical ideas didn't sit well with the Church.
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Aristotle
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____ was a French mathematician, philosopher, and psysiologist. He was the first to merge phylosophical and scientific thinking in connection with the brain.This idea of thought is called ____.
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Descartes; Dualism
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____dualism, in particular, claimed that the mind and the brain are different entities, but come together at the pineal gland.
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Descarte's
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According to _____, humans are unlike animals in their thought process, as animals are unable to think logically.
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Descartes
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____observed the night sky for 30 yrs and made measurements of the planetary mvmnts.
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Copernicus
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During the period of Copernicus' findings, the ____was occuring.
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Reformation
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____proposed that there were other galaxies and that space was infinite.
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Bruno
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____confirmed Copernicus' belief by using a telescope.
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Galileo
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____published the 1st mathematical tables of the planetary mvmnts in the night sky.
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Johannes Kepler
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__ ____ ____ is the Father of the Scientific Method.
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Sir Francis Bacon
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The piece of writing entitled _____ ______claims that the human mind is equipped to discover nature through observation and reason, rather than through abstract reasoning alone.
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"Novum Organum"
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The mind/brain problem: ___ vs____
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Locke vs Kant
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1 Person's views against another
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___was very much of an Empirist. Our modern ideas about Behaviorism came mostly from ____.
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Locke
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___tried to establish a view that was both Empirical and Metaphysical, but ultimately failed.
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Kant
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the idea of "tabla rasa" came from ____.
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Locke
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Locke's position was a precursor to _____'s Behaviorism.
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John B. Watson's
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___spent his whole life trying to establish a philosophical system that could balance rational thought with a sense of what he teremed 'moral duty.'
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Kant
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___tried to synthesize NATIVIST and EMPIRICAL positions into a philosophical system that could explain the mind.
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Kant
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The Scientific Method emphasized ___ over ____.
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reason over emotion
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____helped to uncover faulty premises hidden w/in language.
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Syllogism.
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____created Syllogism
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Aristotle
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____is a type of reasoning that starts with a general statement, and then concludes with a specific statement.
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Induction
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___ is a type of reasoning that starts with a specific statement, and then concludes with a general statement.
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Deduction
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___ came up with novel insights about brain function and localization, and was correct on all accounts.
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Thomas Willis
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The ___ is a brain region associated with memory and thinking.
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cortex
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The ____ ____is a brain region related to motor function.
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Corpus Striatum
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The ____regulates basic life systems such as respiration.
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Brainstem
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The ___is a brain region related to motor control.
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Cerebellum
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The __ ___ ___ is the joining area of several arteries at the bottom (inferior) side of the brain.
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Circle of Willis
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At the ___ ___ ___, the internal carteroid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over 80% of the cerebrum.
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Circle of Willis
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___ proposed that the heart's role was to suck blood out of the veins in order to infuse it with vital spirits.
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Galen
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____was an English physician who established a scientific basis for modern medicine. He was perceived by society as a quack-he went against the social grain. 20 years later he was eleavted back to his original position.
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William Harvey
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____ ____ is today most-noted for his studies with the microscope, and in particular his cork-drawing.
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Robert Hooke
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___ discovered cells .
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Robert Hooke
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____discovered the 12 cranial nerves.
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Willis
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The ___ ___ was the first battery.
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Leyden Jar
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____'s written experiments made people believe that his experiments were true; (Maybe the body DOES produce electricity).
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Galvani's
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The brain initially has a ____shape. By 25 days, there exists the ____ ____. By 40 days days all of these have developed (4 things):___, ___, ___, &___.
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tube; neural tube;
1) forebrain 2)midbrain 3)hindbrain 4)spinall cord |
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C1 to C8 of the Dermatones consist of the ___ nerves.
T1 to T12 of the " " consist of the ___ nerves. L1 to L5 of the " " consist of the ___ nerves. S1 to S5 of the " " consist of the ___ nerves. |
cervical; thoracic; lumbar; sacral
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A ___ view is one that goes from from left to right (horizontal).
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Saggital
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The brainstem consists of the __, ___, & ____.
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hindbrain, midbrain,and forebrain.
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The function of the Medulla is ____.
The Retucular Formation's function is ___. The Pon's is for ___. The Cerebellum is for ___&____. |
medulla=or life support systems.
RF= for arousal Pons=sleep and dreaming Cerebellum=motor coordination & learning. |
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The ____consists of the Medulla, the Reticular Formation, the Pons, and the Cerebellum.
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HIndbrain
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The Midbrain consists of the ___ ___, ___ ___, ___ ___, and the ___ ____.
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Inferior Colluculus, Superior Colliculus, Substantia Nigra, and the Ventrical Tegmental Area (VTA).
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The ____'s function is auditory tracking.
The ___'s function is Visual Tracking. The substantia Nigra's function is ___. The Ventral Tegmental Area's function is ____. |
Inferior Colliculus; Superior Colliculus;
Motor movements, and the Reward system. |
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The ___ (subcortical) consists of these structures:
Basal Ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala |
Forebrain
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The forebrain(subcortical) consists of these 5 structures:
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Basal Ganglia
Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala |
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The Basal Ganglia's function is ___.
The___ sends sensory info to the cortex (sensory relay center). The Hypothalamus function is____. The ___ is for learning and memory. The Amygdala's function is____. |
BG: feedback to the cortex about motor mvmnts.
Thalamus: Sensory relay center to the Cortex Hypothalamus: Motivation and EmotioN, and auton,nvs system Regulation Hippocampus: Learning and Memory Amygdala: Organizes response patterns for fear. |
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The ___stain can be used to visualize the dendritic tree and spines of neurons in the brain.
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Golgi
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The Frontal Lobe's function is ____.
The Occipital Lobe's function is___. The ___'s function is Spatial Awareness and Bodily Sense Perceptions. |
Frontal Lobe: Planning, conscious motor mvments, social behavior, attention, short-term memory, and speech production.
Occipital Lobe: Vision, motion perception, and color perception. Parietal Lobe: Spatial awareness, bodily sense perceptions Temporal Lobe: Language, speech comprehension, and hearing |
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___ is the region where primary sensory or motor info is processed.
The Sensory Cortex's function is____. The Associational Cortex's function is___. |
Primary Cortex: region where primary sensory or motor info is processed.
Secondary Cortex: region adjoining primary cortex that elaborates primary info and integrates it w/ other sensory info. Association Cortex: regions that are involved in conscious perception and abstract thought, including language. |
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The Parasympathetic Nvs System does all of the following EXCEPT:
a) stimulates activity b)constricts bronchi c) dilates pupil |
c) dilates pupil
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