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77 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Sublimation

Defense Mechanism: Diverting sexual or or aggressive energy into other channels. Energy is often diverted into positive, socially acceptable activities like sports.

Regression

Defense Mechanism: Going back to an earlier faze of development with fewer demands. Attempt to cope with anxiety by clinging to immature or inappropriate behaviors.

Introjection

Defense Mechanism: Taking in and "swallowing" the values and expectations of others. Can be positive (parental values, social values internalized) or negative (values of aggressors).

Identification

Defense Mechanism: Identifying with successful causes or organizations so that people will think you are worthwhile. Can enhance self-worth and protect from the sense of being a failure. Can be positive (part of developmental process) but can also be negative when used by those who feel otherwise inferior.

Compensation

Defense Mechanism: Masking perceived weakness or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations. Can have adjustive value. It can be an attempt to say "Don't see my weaknesses."

Repression

Defense Mechanism: Threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness. One of most important Freudian processes. Basis of many other defenses and neurosis. Freud says unconscious and that most painful experiences from first 5-6 years of life are repressed.

Denial

Defense Mechanism: Closing ones eyes to the threatening nature of reality. Simplest of mechanisms. Distorting how the individual thinks, feels or perceives a traumatic experience. Similar to repression but pre-conscious or conscious.

Reaction Formation

Defense Mechanism: Actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse. By doing this people don't have to face the anxiety that would ensue from admitting having the impulse in the first place. Example: Concealing hate with love.

Projection

Defense Mechanism: Attributing to others ones own unacceptable desires and impulses. Self-deception.

Displacement

Defense Mechanism: Directing energy towards another when the object of origination is unavailable. A way of coping with anxiety that involves shifting from a threatening object to a safe one. Example: Yelling at the kids because of anger with boss.

Animus


The biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and femininity, which are thought to coexist in both sexes.

Anxiety


A feeling of impending doom that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences emerging to the surface of awareness. From a psychoanalytic perspective,
there are three kinds of anxiety: reality, neurotic,
and moral anxiety

Archetypes


The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious.

Blank Screen

An anonymous stance assumed by classical psychoanalysts aimed at fostering transference.

Borderline Personality Disorder


A disorder characterized by instability, irritability, Self-destructive acts, impulsivity, and extreme mood shifts. Such people lack a sense of their own identity and do not have a deep understanding
of others.

Brief Psychodynamic Therapy


An adaptation of the principles of psychoanalytic theory and therapy aimed at treating selective disorders within a pre-established time limit

Classical Psychoanalysis
The traditional (Freudian) approach to psychoanalysis based on
a long-term exploration of past conflicts, many of which are unconscious, and an extensive process of working through early wounds.

Collective Unconsious


From a Jungian perspective, the deepest level of the psyche that contains an accumulation of inherited experiences.

Contemporary Psychoanalysis


Newer formulations of psychoanalytic theory that share some core characteristics of classical analytic theory, but with different applications of techniques; extensions and adaptations of orthodox psychoanalysis.

Countertransference


The therapist’s unconscious emotional responses to a client that are likely to interfere with objectivity; unresolved conflicts of the therapist that are projected onto the client.

Crisis
According to Erikson, a turning point in
life when we have the potential to move forward or to regress. At these turning points, we can either resolve our conflicts or fail to master the developmental task.

Death Instincts


A Freudian concept that refers to a tendency of individuals to harbor an unconscious wish to die or hurt themselves or others; accounts for the aggressive drive.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy


A blend of cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques that generally involves a minimum of one year of treatment.

Dream Analysis


A technique for uncovering unconscious material and giving clients insight into some of their unresolved problems. Therapists participate with clients in exploring dreams and in interpreting possible meanings.

Dream Work


The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into the less
threatening manifest content.

Ego


The part of the personality that is the mediator between external reality and inner demands.

Ego Defense Mechanisms
Intrapsychic processes that operate unconsciously to protect the person from threatening and, therefore, anxiety producing thoughts, feelings, and impulses.

Ego Psychology


The psychosocial approach of Erik Erikson, which emphasizes the development of the ego or self at various stages of life.

Fixation


The condition of being arrested, or
“stuck,” at one level of psychosexual development.

Free Association


A primary technique, consisting of spontaneous and uncensored verbalization by the client, which gives clues to the nature of the client’s unconscious conflicts.

Genital Stage


The final stage of psychosexual development, usually attained at adolescence, in
which heterosexual interests and activities are
generally predominant.

Id


The part of personality, present at birth, that
is blind, demanding, and insistent. Its function is
to discharge tension and return to homeostasis.

Id Psychology


A theory stating that instincts and intrapsychic conflicts are the basic factors shaping personality development (both normal and abnormal).

Identity Crisis


A developmental challenge, occurring during adolescence, whereby the person
seeks to establish a stable view of self and to define a place in life.

Individuation


The harmonious integration of the
conscious and unconscious aspects of personality.

Interpretation


A technique used to explore the meanings of free association, dreams, resistances, and transference feelings.

Latency Stage


A period of psychosexual development, following the phallic stage, that is relatively calm before the storm of adolescence.

Latent Content


Our hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears.

Libido


The instinctual drives of the id and the
source of psychic energy; Freudian notion of the
life instincts.

Life Instincts


Instincts oriented toward growth, development, and creativity that serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race.

Maintaining the Analytic Frame


Refers to a range of procedures, such as an analyst’s anonymity, regularity, and consistency of meetings, as a structure for therapy.

Manifest Content

The dream as it appears to the dreamer.

Moral Anxiety


The fear of one’s own conscience; people with a well-developed conscience tend to feel guilty when they do something contrary to their moral code.

Multiple Transference


A process whereby group members develop intense feelings for certain others in a group; an individual may “see” in others some significant figure such as a parent, life-partner, ex-lover, or boss.

Narcissism


Extreme self-love, as opposed to love of others. A narcissistic personality is characterized by a grandiose and exaggerated sense of self-importance and an exploitive attitude toward others, which hides a poor self-concept.

Narcissistic Personality


Characterized by a grandiose and exaggerated sense of self-importance and an exploitive attitude toward others, which serve the function of masking a frail self-concept.

Neurotic Anxiety


The fear that the instincts will get out of hand and cause one to do something for which one will be punished.

Object Relatedness


Interpersonal relationships as they are represented intrapsychically.

Object Relations

Interpersonal relationships as they are represented intrapsychically.

Object-relations Theory


A newer version of psychoanalytic thinking, which focuses on predictable developmental sequences in which early experiences of self shift in relation to an expanding awareness of others. It holds that individuals go through phases of autism, normal symbiosis, and separation and individuation, culminating in a state of integration.

Oral Stage


The initial phase of psychosexual
development, during which the mouth is the primary source of gratif cation; a time when the infant is learning to trust or mistrust the world.

Persona

The mask we wear, or public face we present, as a way to protect ourselves.

Phallic Stage


The third phase of psychosexual
development, during which the child gains maximum gratification through direct experience
with the genitals.

Pleasure Principle


The idea that the id is driven to satisfy instinctual needs by reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy


Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy involves a shortening and simplifying of the lengthy process of psychoanalysis.

Psychodynamics


The interplay of opposing forces and intrapsychic conflicts that provide a basis for understanding human motivation.

Psychosexual Stages


The Freudian chronological phases of development, beginning in infancy.
Each is characterized by a primary way of gaining sensual and sexual gratif cation.

Psychosocial Stages


Erikson’s turning points, from infancy through old age. Each presents psychological and social tasks that must be mastered if maturation is to proceed in a healthy fashion.

Reality Anxiety


The fear of danger from the
external world; the level of such anxiety is proportionate to the degree of real threat.

Reality Principle


The idea that the ego does
realistic and logical thinking and formulates
plans of action for satisfying needs.

Relational Analysis


An analytic model based on the assumption that therapy is an interactive process between client and therapist. The interpersonal analyst assumes that countertransference is a source of information about the client’s character and dynamics.

Relational Model


A model that characterizes therapy as an interactive process between client
and therapist in which countertransference provides an important source of information about the client’s character and dynamics.

Resistance


The client’s reluctance to bring to
awareness threatening unconscious material
that has been repressed.

Self Psychology


A theory that emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects)
to develop our own sense of self.

Working Through


A process of resolving basic
conflicts that are manifested in the client’s relationship with the therapist; achieved by the repetition of interpretations and by exploring forms of resistance.

Unconscious


That aspect of psychological functioning or of personality that houses experiences, wishes, impulses, and memories in an out-of-awareness state as a protection against anxiety

Transference Relationship


The transfer of feelings originally experienced in an early relationship to other important people in a person’s present environment.

Transference


The client’s unconscious shifting
to the therapist of feelings and fantasies, both
positive and negative, that are displacements
from reactions to signif cant others from the client’s past.

Time-limited Dynamic Psychotherapy


Through this form of psychoanalytically oriented
therapy, clients gain a sense of what it is like to interact more fully and flexibly within the therapy
situation. They are helped to apply to the outside
world what they are learning in the office.

Superego


That aspect of personality that represents one’s moral training. It strives for perfection, not pleasure.

Shadow


A Jungian archetype representing
thoughts, feelings, and actions that we tend to
disown by projecting them outward.

Key Figures


Original key figure: Sigmund Freud, father of psychoanalysis. Ego psychologist: Erik Erikson.
Object relations: Margaret Mahler. Historically, psychoanalysis was the f rst system of psychotherapy. It is a personality theory, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of therapy.

Philosophy

Deterministic view of human nature focusing on irrational forces, biological and instinctual drives and unconscious motivation. Later stressing social and cultural factors. Contemporary thoughts emphasize development of ego and differentiation and individuation of self. Involves the roles of unconscious, transferrence and countertransferrence and important early life.

Therapeutic Goals

Make the Unconscious conscious. Growth of ego through analysis of resistance, allowing ego to solve unconscious conflicts. Restructuring of personality rather than solving immediate problems. Interested in how past influences present and future.

Therapeutic Relationship

Anonymity of therapist stressed. Focus on resistances that occur in the therapeutic process, interpretation of life patterns, working through transference feelings. Explore parallels between relationship and past ones. New understanding basis for personality change. Emphasis on here and now interaction. Transference and countertransference important. Contemporary camp challenges authoritarian nature.

Techniques

Maintaining analytic framework, free association, interpretation, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, analysis of transference. Contemporary psychologists strive for attunement to the therapeutic relationship.

Cultural Perspectives

Good for understanding diverse populations but not accessible to everyone because of cost and length of treatment time.