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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liver enzyme changes in alcohol intoxication |
Serum GGT increases AST>>>>ALT |
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Severe alcohol withdrawal can be treated with? |
Benzodiazepines |
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Presentation of delirium tremens |
It occurs 3-10 days following the last drink. Clinical manifestations include agitation, global confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, fever, hypertension, diaphoresis, and autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia and hypertension) |
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Opioids intoxication/overdose presents how? |
Pinpoint pupils Euphoria Respiratory and CNS depression Decreased gag reflex Seizures |
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How do you treat opioid overdose/intoxication |
Naloxone Naltrexone |
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How does opioid withdrawal present? |
Sweating Dilated pupils Piloerection Fever/Flu like symptoms Rhinorrhea Stomach cramps Yawning Nausea |
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Treatment of opioid withdrawal |
Long term support: Methadone and Buprenorphine |
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Overdosing on barbiturates presents as: How do you treat? |
Marked respiratory depression Rx: Manage symptoms i.e. Assist respiration and increase BP |
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Withdrawal from barbiturates presents as: |
Delirium Life threatening cardiovascular collapse |
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Overdosing on benzodiazepines presents as: How do you treat? |
Ataxia Minor respiratory depression Rx: Flumazenil |
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Withdrawal from benzodiazepines presents as: |
Sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizures. |
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What is alcoholic hallucinosis? Treatment? |
Distinct condition characterized by visual hallucinations 12-48hrs after last drink Treatment: Benzodiazepines e.g Chlordiazepoxide, Lorazepam, Diazepam |
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MOA of Naloxone and Naltrexone |
They are opioid antagonists Used to treat Opioid overdose Special use of naltrexone: Used to prevent relapse once patient is detoxified |
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MOA of Methadone |
Methadone is an oral opiate used for heroin detoxification or long term maintenance |
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MOA of Buprenorphine |
Buprenorphine is a partial agonist. Used together wit naloxone for treating heroin addiction |
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List the 5 diseases heroin users are at increased risk of suffering from |
Hepatitis HIV Abscesses Bacteremia Endocarditis (Right sided) |
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What are some systemic complications of Alcoholism? |
Cirrhosis Hepatitis Pancreatitis Peripheral neuropathy Testicular atrophy |
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How to treat Alcoholism? |
Disulfiram Acamprosate Naltrexone |
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Gross pathologic changes in brain due to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
Periventricular hemorrhage Necrosis of mamillary bodies |
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Treatment of Wernicke korsakoff? |
IV Vitamin B1 |
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Triad of Wernicke Encephalopathy? |
COAt Confusion Opthalmoplegia Ataxia |
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Mallory Weiss syndrome occurs where exactly anatomically? |
Partial thickness tear at Gastroesopageal junction |
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What are the major CNS depressants? |
Alcohol Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Opiates/Heroin |
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What are the major CNS stimulants |
Amphetamines Cocaine Caffeine Nicotine |
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List the Hallucinogenic drugs of abuse |
Phencyclidine/PCP/Angel dust Acid/LSD Marijuana MDMA/Ecstacy |
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Cocaine intoxication presents as: |
Dilated pupils Impaired judgement Hallucinations Paranoid ideations Angina Sudden cardiac death |
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How to treat cocaine intoxication/overdose: |
Alpha blockers Benzodiazepines AVOID Beta blockers! |
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Amphetamines intoxication presents as: |
Euphoria Grandiosity Pupillary dilation Prolonged wakefulness and attention HTN/Tachcardia Anorexia Paranoia |
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How to treat nicotine withdrawal: |
Nicotine patch/gum Lozenges Bupropion/Varenicline |
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General withdrawal symptoms of CNS stimulants? |
Depression Lethargy Increased appetite Sleep disturbance Vivid nightmares |
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MOA of marijuana |
Acts at cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Both are GPCR Via CB1 activation, THC indirectly increases dopamine release and produces psychotropic effects. |
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The pharmaceutical form of marijuana is called...? And used in what conditions? |
Dronabinol (Isomer of THC) Used as an antiemetic in chemotherapy and also as an appetite stimulant in AIDS |
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Intoxication with PCP majorly presents with which symptoms? |
Violence Impulsivity Nystagmus Delirium Seizures Tachycardia HTN Psychosis Delirium Analgesia |
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How to treat PCP overdose or intoxication? |
Give a rapid acting antipsychotic Benzodiazepines |
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Stereotypically, LSD intoxication presents with: |
Perceptual distortion Depersonalization Anxiety Paranoia Psychosis Flashbacks |
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MOA of LSD |
Agonist effect at 5HT2a receptors |
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MOA of PCP |
NMDA receptor antagonist |
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MOA of Ecstasy/Molly/MDMA |
Serotonin/NE/Dopamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor |
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How does MDMA intoxication present? |
It is a hallucinogenic stimulant Euphoria, disinhibition and hyperactivity |
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Life threatening effects of Ecstasy |
HTN Tachycardia Hyperthermia Hyponatremia Serotonin syndrome |
