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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Limbic lobe |
part of the limbic system, which is the "anatomical substrate for emotion" |
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Hippocampus |
lesion -> memory deficits therefore, involved in memory |
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Amygdala |
lesion -> docility, tameness, or placidity therefore, an excitatory structure |
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Septum |
lesion -> rage therefore, an inhibitory structure |
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Described by Popez ( Popez circuit) |
fornix, mammillothalamic tract, diffuse fibers, cingulum |
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gray matter |
cerebral cortex |
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suleus |
same as fissure |
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longitudinal fissure |
divides the cortex into symmetrical halves |
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central sulcus |
on the dorsal surface of the cortex and somewhat posterior to the center |
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Lateral fissure |
runs posteriorly and dorsally on the lateral surface
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Frontal Lobe |
initiates voluntary movement; involved in motor coordination; involved in abstract thinking; involved in speech |
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parietal lobe |
subserves somethesis, kinesthesis, and taste |
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temperoal lobe |
subserves audition and olfaction, involved in some memory functions |
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Architectonics |
the study of differences among different types of cortical areas |
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Neocortex |
6 fundamental layers |
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Transitional cortex |
4- 5 layers (e.g. cingulate cortex in limbic system) |
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paleocortex |
3 to 4 layers (e.g. hippocampus in limbic system) |
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Neocortex 6 layers |
layers 2 and 4 : afferent (sensory) layers 5 and 6: efferent (motor) layers 1 and 3: are association |
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neocortex |
gray matter |
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Brodmann's Classification |
numbers are associated to brain areas and are associated with different functions |
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3-1-2 |
primary sensory areas for taste, somesthesis, and kinesthesis |
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5 and 7 |
association areas for somesthesis and kinesthesis |
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4 |
primary motor area; initiates voluntary movememnt |
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6 |
premotor area, involved in motor coordination |
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8 |
frontal eye fields; motor area concerned with conscious movement of the eyes |
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9 through 12 |
areas invovled in abstract thinking |
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41 |
primary sensory area for audition |
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42 and 43 |
association areas for audition |
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44 |
primary speech area |
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17 (striate cortex) |
primary visual area |
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18 and 19 |
association visual areas |
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white matter |
fiber tracts of the cerebral hemispheres (part of the corpus striatum) |
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commissural fibers |
have their cell bodies in the cortex of one hemisphere and pass in a great white sheet to the other hemisphere |
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association fibers |
afferent or corticopetal fibers and efferent or corticofugal fibers |
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afferent or corticopetal fibers |
radiate upward to the cortex from the thalamus and other subcortical areas (sensory) |
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efferent or corticofugal fibers |
project downward from the cortex to subcortical areas (motor) |
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meninges |
membranes surrounding the entire CNS |
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dura matter |
(outer), thick, tough, and protective |
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arachnoid matter |
thin weblike sheet of tissue |
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pia matter |
(inner) thin and delicate |
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subarachnoid space |
space between arachnoid matter and pia mater; filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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venticular system |
within the brain and spinal cord |
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dystrophy |
disturbance in the shape and tone of muscle |
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - lou Gehrig's disease |
a disease of the lateral corticospinal tract, destroying voluntary movement; a demyelinated disease |
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multiple sclerosis |
a demyelinated disease involving several tracts (sensory and/or motor tracts) |
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shingles |
a disease in the lateral horn of the spinal cord; inflamation of the dorsal root of the nerve; goes from the dorsal root into the lateral horn; characterized by tenderness of the skin and skin eruptions; caused by a virus |
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parkinson's disease |
a disroder characterized by muscle tremors that occur when the person attempts to hold his or her hands and head still; it is due to a deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia. |
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Alzheimer's Disease |
a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by profound personality changes and intellectual impairment including memory loss (affects the frontal cortex and hippocampus) |
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Tumor |
an abnormal proliferation of glial cells and meninges cells |
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hydrocephalus |
a backage of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid |
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Myasthenia gravis |
progressive muscular weakness; lymphocytes produce antibodies that attack receptors on muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction; thus, the nerve impulse is blocked. |