Psycho

Front 1

Which of the following is true of sexual identity, according to the text?
A. The male and female sexes are “opposite” each other.
B. Sexual identity development is a lifelong process.
C. Adolescence today is a time when people identify exclusively as male or female.
D. Sexual identity refers to cultural and social differences among males and females.

Back 1

B. Sexual identity development is a lifelong process.

Front 2

The belief that teenage rebellion is not developmentally universal, but rather the result of cultural expectations and assumptions, would be called a:
A. social construction.
B. cultural difference.
C. critical development.
D. generation gap.

Back 2

A. social construction.

Front 3

Applied to adolescent peer relationships, “facilitation” refers to the way that peers:
A. choose one another.
B. share values and interests.
C. encourage each other to do things that none would do on his or her own.
D. come to resemble the adults in their lives.

Back 3

encourage each other to do things that none would do on his or her own

Front 4

. Any deliberate action of self-harm that could have been lethal but was not is referred to as:
A. suicidal ideation.
B. rumination.
C. parasuicide.
D. cluster suicide.

Back 4

parasuicide.

Front 5

One reason why adolescent suicides have decreased since 1990 may be that:
A. the media is more thorough about reporting adolescent suicides.
B. there are fewer cluster suicides.
C. there is more effective use of antidepressants.
D. there is less access to drugs and alcohol.

Back 5

C. there is more effective use of antidepressants.

Front 6

Which of the following attempts to decrease teen drug use appears to INCREASE use?
A. antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young
B. the “your brain on drugs” campaign
C. policies that limit access to teens
D. parents setting limits on drug/alcohol use

Back 6

the “your brain on drugs” campaign

Front 7

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:
A. alcohol.
B. marijuana.
C. tobacco.
D. prescription drugs.

Back 7

A. alcohol.

Front 8

emerging adulthood:

Back 8

emerging adulthood: The period of life between the ages of 18 and 25. Emerging adulthood is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage.

Front 9

senescence:

Back 9

senescence: The process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and efficient.

Front 10

homeostasis:

Back 10

homeostasis: The adjustment of all the body’s systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. As the body ages, it takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress.

Front 11

organ reserve

Back 11

organ reserve: The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra, unused functioning ability.

Front 12

diathesis–stress model:

Back 12

diathesis–stress model: The view that psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and stressful environmental factors and life events.

Front 13

hikikomori:

Back 13

hikikomori: A Japanese word literally meaning “pull away,” it is the name of an anxiety disorder common among young adults in Japan. Sufferers isolate themselves from the outside world by staying inside their homes for months or even years at a time.

Front 14

set point:

Back 14

set point: A particular body weight that an individual’s homeostatic processes strive to maintain.

Front 15

diathesis–stress model:

Back 15

diathesis–stress model: The view that psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and stressful environmental factors and life events.

Front 16

body mass index (BMI)

Back 16

body mass index (BMI): The ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms divided by his or her height in meters squared.

Front 17

edgework:

Back 17

Occupations or recreational activities that involve a degree of risk or danger. The prospect of “living on the edge” makes edgework compelling to some individuals.

Front 18

extreme sports:

Back 18

extreme sports: Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result. Motocross is one example.

Front 19

drug abuse:

Back 19

drug abuse: The ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user’s biological or psychological well-being.

Front 20

drug addiction:

Back 20

: A condition of drug dependence in which the absence of the given drug in the individual’s system produces a drive—physiological, psychological, or both—to ingest more of the drug.

Front 21

social norms approach:

Back 21

A method of reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults’ desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys, of the prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.

Front 22

About 25% of mood disorders begin in adolescence, another ________ begin in young adulthood.
A. 10%
B. 17%
C. 25%
D. 33%

Back 22

25%

Front 23

Researchers who study the long-term consequences of engaging in drug use and risk taking:
A. tend to view those behaviors negatively.
B. tend to view those behaviors positively.
C. tend to hold neutral views about such behaviors.
D. stress the risk of inury and death.

Back 23

stress the risk and injury of death

Front 24

A 25-year-old will likely outperform a 50-year-old:
A. running a 10K race.
B. at most work-related activities.
C. cleaning the house.
D. raking leaves.

Back 24

running a 10k race

Front 25

Worldwide, adults are more likely to have a mental illness during emerging adulthood years because:
A. they did not receive adequate guidance and parenting.
B. the temptations of society are too great.
C. they lack maturity and are not ready to become independent.
D. interpersonal or financial stress interacts with a preexisting vulnerability.

Back 25

interpersonal or financial stress interacts with a preexisting vulnerability.

Front 26

The baby boomers were born:
A. before 1946.
B. 1946-1964.
C. 1966-1980.
D. 1936-1954.

Back 26

B. 1946-1964.

Front 27

One major type of problem in emerging adults in the United States is:
A. anxiety disorder.
B. alcohol abuse.
C. antisocial personality disorder.
D. schizophrenia.

Back 27

anxiety disorder.

Front 28

According to some, what differentiates risky sports from extreme sports is:
A. risk of injury.
B. stupidity.
C. established rules.
D. the need for danger.

Back 28

stupidity

Front 29

postformal thought:

Back 29

postformal thought: A proposed adult stage of cognitive development, following Piaget’s four stages, that goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical (that is, more capable of combining contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole).

Front 30

dialectical thought:

Back 30

dialectical thought: The most advanced cognitive process, characterized by the ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis simultaneously and thus to arrive at a synthesis. Dialectical thought makes possible an ongoing awareness of pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, possibilities and limitations.

Front 31

thesis:

Back 31

thesis: A proposition or statement of belief; the first stage of the process of dialectical thinking.

Front 32

antithesis:

Back 32

A proposition or statement of belief that opposes the thesis; the second stage of the process of dialectical thinking.

Front 33

synthesis:

Back 33

: A new idea that integrates the thesis and its antithesis, thus representing a new and more comprehensive level of truth; the third stage of the process of dialectical thinking.

Front 34

morality of care:

Back 34

morality of care: In Gilligan’s view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms because they are socialized to be nurturant, compassionate, and nonjudgmental

Front 35

morality of justice:

Back 35

In Gilligan’s view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion, judging right and wrong in absolute terms.

Front 36

Defining Issues Test (DIT):

Back 36

A series of questions developed by James Rest and designed to assess respondents’ level of moral development by having them rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas.

Front 37

John is a 20-year-old African American who believes that success in school is for females and whites. He may be experiencing:
A. poor self-esteem.
B. identification.
C. counter-identification.
D. stereotype threat.

Back 37

stereotype threat.

Front 38

The third stage of the development of faith exhibits:
A. intellectual detachment from cultural values.
B. a conformist acceptance of cultural values.
C. a vision of universal justice.
D. acceptance of rational conscious values and their contradictions.

Back 38

a vision of universal justice.

Front 39

People who are able to accept contradictions are at what stage of faith:
A. Stage 2.
B. Stage 3.
C. Stage 4.
D. Stage 5.

Back 39

5

Front 40

All of the following are changes in institutions of higher education EXCEPT:
A. offering fewer career programs.
B. hiring more women.
C. hiring more part-time faculty.
D. hiring fewer minorities.

Back 40

A. offering fewer career programs.

Front 41

The primary catalyst for cognitive growth in college students is:
A. exercising and getting enough sleep.
B. reading textbooks and taking tests.
C. the social interaction and intellectual challenge.
D. All of these answers are correct.

Back 41

. the social interaction and intellectual challenge.

Front 42

Postformal thought is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. flexibility.
B. practicality.
C. impulsiveness.
D. balance.

Back 42

impulsiveness.

Front 43

Some scholars doubt the idea of stages to describe adult cognitive development because:
A. it is not clear that adults acquire a new set of intellectual abilities.
B. adults clearly acquire a new set of intellectual abilities.
C. adult cognitive changes are abrupt and discontinuous.
D. adult cognitive change is similar to language development.

Back 43

it is not clear that adults acquire a new set of intellectual abilities.

Front 44

What percentage of college students believe that it is important to develop a meaningful life philosophy?
A. about 20%
B. about 30%
C. about 40%
D. about 50%

Back 44

. about 50%