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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infant deprivation effects?
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decrease muscle tone, poor language skills, poor socialization skills, lack of basic trust, anaclitic depression, physical illness -- severe deprivation --> infant death
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Depression in an infant owing to continued separation from caregiver, can result in failure to thrive, infant becomes withdrawn and unresponsive
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Anaclitic Depression
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children regress to younger behaviors under stress
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Regression in Children
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severe communication problems, difficult forming relationships, repetitive behavior, unusual abilities, usually below-normal intelligence
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Autistic Disorder
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Tx for Autistic Disorder
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increase communication and social skills
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milder form of autism involving problems with social relationships and repetitive behavior, normal intelligence and lack social or cognitive deficits
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Asperger Disorder
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Loss of development and MR that appears around age 4, only in woman, X-linked disorder, stereotyped hand-wringing
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Rett Disorder
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limited attention spam and hyperactivity, emotionally libile, impulsive, prone to accidents, normal intelligence
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Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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ADHD Tx
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methylphenidate
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continued behavior violating social norms, < 18 years
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conduct disorder
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child is noncompliant in the absence of criminality
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oppositional defiant disorder
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motor/vocal ties and involuntary profanity, onset <18 years
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Tourette's syndrome
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How is Tourette's treated?
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Haloperidol
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fear of loss of attachment figure leading to factitious physical complaints to avoid going to school, onset 7-8 years
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Separation anxiety disorder
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Physical Abuse - Common side/symptoms, gender, offender, incidence.
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healed fractures on x-ray, cigarette burns, subdural hematomas, multiple bruises, retinal hemorrhage or detachment, usually female and the primary caregiver, ~3000 deaths/years in YS
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Sexual Abuse - Signs/Symptoms, offender, gender, peak age of incidence
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Genital/Anal trauma, STDs, UTIs, known to victim, usually male, peak incidence 9-12 years old
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Orientation
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Time, Place, Person
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unaware that one is ill
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Anosognosia
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unable to locate one's own body parts
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Autotopagnosia
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body seems unreal or dissociated
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depersonalization
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anterograde amnesia
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inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult
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Korsakoff's amnesia
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Classic anterograde amnesia a/w thiamine deficiency --> bilateral destruction of mammary glands -- seen in alcoholics, a/w confabulation, thiamine = B1 -cofactor for oxidative dephosphorylation of α-ketoacids
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retrograde amnesia
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inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult
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waxing and waning level of consciousness, rapid decrease in attention span and level of arousal, disorganized thinking, hallucinations, illusions, misperceptions disturbance in sleep-wake cycle, cognitive dysfunction
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Delirium
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gradual decrease in cognition, memory deficits, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, loss of abstract thought, behavioral/personality changes, impaired judgment, no change in level of consciousness, more gradual onset
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Dementia
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perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
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Hallucination
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misinterpretation of actual external stimuli
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Illusion
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false beliefs not shared with other members of culture/subculture that are firmly maintained in spite of obvious proof to the contrary
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Delusions
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Visual and Auditory Hallucinations -- Dx?
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common in schizophrenia
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Olfactory Hallucination often occurs as an aura-- Dx?
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psychomotor epilepsy
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Gustatory Hallucination Common or Rare?
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Rare
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Tactile Hallucination -- Dx?
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common in DTs and cocaine abusers
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Hypnagogic Hallucination occurs when?
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going to sleep
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Hypnopompic Hallucination occurs when?
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waking from sleep
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periods of psychosis and disturbed behavior with a decline in functioning lasting > 6 months
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Schizophrenia
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Delusions, Hallucinations (Auditory), Disorganized thought (loose associations), disorganized or catatonic behavior
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Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought
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5 subtypes of Schizophrenia
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Disorganized, Catatonic, Paranoid, Undifferentiated, Residual
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combination of schizophrenia and mood disorder
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Schizoaffective disorder
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like manic episode except not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social and/or occupational functioning or hospitalization, no psychotic features
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Hypomanic episode
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distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood last > 1 week
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Manic Episode
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Symtom of Manic episode (3 or more)
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Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity/psychomotor Agitation, decrease Sleep, Talkativeness or pressured speech (DIG FAST)
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Symtoms of Major Depression episode (5 of the following for 2 weeks)
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Sleep distrubance, Loss of Interest, Guilt or feeling of worthlessness, Loss of Energy, Loss of Concentration, Change in Appetite/weight, Psychomotor retardation, Suicidal ideations, Depressed mood (SIG E CAPS)
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milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years
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Dysthymia
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Risk factors of suicide completion
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Sex (male), Age (teenager, elderly), Depresion, Previous attempt, Ethanol or drugs use, loss of Rational thinking, Sickness, Organized plan, No spouse, Social support lacking (SAD PERSONS)
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Sleep patterns of depressed patients
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Decrease slow-wave sleep and REM latency
Increased REM early in sleep cycle and total REM Repeated nightime awakenings Early-morning awakening |
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Electroconvulsive Therapy -- Clinical Use
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major depressive disorder refractory to other treatment -- painless seizure
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Electroconvulsive Therapy -- Adverse Effects
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disorientation, anterograde, retrograde amnesia
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recurrent periods of intense fear and discomfort peaking in 10 minutes dx?
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panic disorder
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Panic Disorder symptoms (4 of 13)
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Palpitations, Paresthesias, Abdominal distress, Nausea, Intense fear of dying or losing control, Light-headedness, Chest pain, Chills, Choking, Disconnectedness, Sweating, Shaking, Shortness of Breath
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fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with normal routine. Cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation
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Specific Phobia
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Gamanophobia
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Fear of marriage
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Agoraphobia
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Fear of open places
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Acrophobia
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Fear of heights
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Algophobia
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Fear of pain
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Persistant reexperiencing of a previous traumatic event. Response involves intense fear, helplessness or horror. Disturbamce last > 1 month,. 2-4 weeks = acutre stress disorder
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PTSD diagnostic criteria
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emtional symptoms causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor and lasting > than 6 months
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Adjustment Disorder
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uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months that is unrelated to a specific person, situation, or event, sleep distrubance, fatique and difficulty concentrating are common
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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pt conscioulsy fakes or claims to have a disorder in order to attain a specific gain
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Malingering
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pt conscioulsy creasted symptoms to assume "sick role" and to get medical attention
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Factitious disorder
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chronic history of multiple hospital admissions and willingness to receive invasive procedures
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Munchausen's Syndrome
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illness in a child is cause by the parent, motivation is unconscious, form of child abuse and must be reported
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Munchausen's Syndrome by proxy
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motor or sensory symptoms that suggest neurologic or physical disorder, but tests and physical exam are negative, often follows an acute stressor, pt may be concerned about symptoms
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Conversion
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prolonged pain that is not explained completely by illness
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Somatoform pain disorder
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variety of complaints in multiple organ systems with not identifiable underlying physical findings
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Somatization disorder
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preoccupation with and fear of having a serious illness in spite of medical reassurance
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Hypochondriasis
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preoccupation with minor or imagined physical flaws; pt often seek cosmetic surgery
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Body dysmorphic disorder
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false belief of being pregnant associated with objective physical signs of pregnancy
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Pseudocyesis
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Primary Gain
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what the symptom does for the pt's internal psychic economy
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Secondary Gain
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what the symptom gets the pt
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Tertiary Gain
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what the caretaker gets
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odd or eccentric; cannot develop meaningful social relationships. No psychosis; genetic assoication with schizophrenia. What Cluster? Name the personality types.
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Cluster A - Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
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distrust and suspiciousness, prejection is main defense mechanism - personality disorder
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Paranoid Personailty Disorder
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voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation, unlike avoidant - personality disorder
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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interpersonal awkwardness, odd beliefs or magical thinking, eccentric appearance
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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dramatic, emotional, or erratic; genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse. What Cluster?
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Cluster B - Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
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disregard for and violation of rights of others, ciminality; males>females; conduct disorder if <18 years
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Antisocial Personailty Disorder
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unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, sense of emptiness; females>males
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Borderline Personailty Disorder
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excessive emotionality, attention seeking, sexually provocative
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Histrionic Personailty Disorder
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grandiosity, sense of entitlement, may react to criticism with rage, may demand top physician/best health care
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Narcissistic Personailty Disorder
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anxious or fearful, genetic association with anxiety disorders. What Cluster?
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Cluster C - Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, Dependent
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sensitive to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy
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Avoidant Personailty Disorder
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preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personailty Disorder
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submissive and clinging, excessive need to be taken care of, low self-confidence
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Dependent Personailty Disorder
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abnormal eating habits, body image distortion, and increase exercise. Severe weight loss, amenorrhea, anemia, and electrolyte distrubances. Adolescent girls. Commonly coexists with depression
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Anorexia Nervosa
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binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives. Body weight normal. Parotitis, enamel erosion, electrolyte disturbances, alkalosis, dorsal hand calluses from inducing vomiting
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Bulimia Nervosa
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