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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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latin word which means mask
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persona
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collection of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns unique to a person that is consistent over time
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personality
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characteristic of a person that account for consistent patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving
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personality
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4 important areas of personality theory
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1. structure
2. process 3. growth and development 4. psychopathology and behavior change |
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consistency of an individual's responses to a variety of situations
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trait
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clustering of many traits
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type
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collection of the highly interconnected parts that work together to produce a
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system
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stable or enduring aspects of personality
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structure
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psychological qualities that endure from day to day and year to year
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structure
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motivational concepts that account for behavior
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process
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three categories of process (personality)
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1. pleasure or hedonistic motivational motives
2. growth or self-actualization motives 3. cognitive motives |
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nature vs. nurture
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growth and development
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biological nature
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growth and development
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nurturing as a children and educational experiences
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growth and development
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not competing factors; interact in complementary ways
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growth and develpment
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practical problems that have been most important to the development of personality
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psychopathology and behavior change
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attempt to systematize lesson learned about human nature by working on practical problem in therapy
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psychopathology and behavior change
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suggests techniques for modifying pathological behavior
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psychopathology and behavior change
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system in which energy flows, get side-tracked or becomes dammed up
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energy system
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limited source of energy
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energy system
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if blocked, it finds a way with the least resistance
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energy system
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hamans are driven by sexual and aggressive drives or instincts
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psychoanalytic theory
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people function according to a pleasure principle
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psychoanalytic theory
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seek gratification of all desires
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pleasure principle
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society curbs these drives causing misery and neurosis
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psychoanalytic theory
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2 models of the structure of the mind
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1. concerned with the questions of the level of consciousness
2. concerned with the functional system in the mind: (id, superego, and ego) |
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psychic life can be described in terms of the level or the degree of which we are aware of the mental phenomena
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level of consciousness
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3 level of awareness
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1. conscious
2. preconscious 3. unconscious |
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phenomena which we are aware at any given moment
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conscious
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mental contents of which we could become aware if we attended to them
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preconscious
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mental contents that are parts of the mind that we are unaware of
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unconscious
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can become aware only in certain or special circumstances
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unconscious
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usually apparent in dreams
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unconscious
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more formal, three personality structures. different aspects of people's functioning
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id, ego and the superego
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source of all energy
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id
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sexual and aggressive instincts resides
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id
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moral branch
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superego
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controls behavior
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superego
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relatively incapable of reality testing
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superego
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person is unable to distinguish between thought and action, feeling guilty for thinking something even if it did not lead to action
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superego
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operates in reality principle
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ego
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gratification of instincts are delayed until a time at which something in reality enables one to obtain maximum pleasure with the least pain or negative consequences
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ego
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4 adult character style
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1. oral
2. anal 3. urethral 4. phallic |
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heavy eaters - character style
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oral personality
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can become hostile or even sadistic - character style
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oral personality
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lover than a hater - character style
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oral personality
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tend to identify to with people whom they receive external supplies - character style
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oral personality
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orderliness - character style
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anal personality
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wanting to hoard money and other valuable items
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parsimoniousness
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parsimoniousness - character style
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anal personality
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operates in reality principle
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ego
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gratification of instincts are delayed until a time at which something in reality enables one to obtain maximum pleasure with the least pain or negative consequences
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ego
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4 adult character style
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1. oral
2. anal 3. urethral 4. phallic |
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heavy eaters - character style
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oral personality
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can become hostile or even sadistic - character style
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oral personality
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lover than a hater - character style
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oral personality
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tend to identify to with people whom they receive external supplies - character style
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oral personality
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orderliness - character style
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anal personality
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wanting to hoard money and other valuable items
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parsimoniousness
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parsimoniousness - character style
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anal personality
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negativism stemming from early conflicts with parents over whether or not to go potty when expected
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obstinacy
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obstinacy - character style
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anal personality
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can be helpful in certain professions that demand orderly approach (lawyer) - character style
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anal personality
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can lead to excessive efforts for perfection - character style
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anal personality
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often asocial and selfish - character style
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anal personality
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self-sufficient - character style
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anal personality
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more likely to emerge as leaders - character style
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anal personality
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this can lead to a narrow, constricted view of life - character style
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anal personality
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burning ambition in life - character style
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urethral personality
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secretly envy the success of others - character style
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urethral personality
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tendency to look for quick successes of their own - character style
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urethral personality
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built their competitiveness on a strong underlying sense of inferiority - character style
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urethral personality
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strive to overcome personal doubt - character style
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urethral personality
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bid to achieve something usually unsuccessful because they crumble when the going gets rough or they are placed on the spot in having to perform - character style
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urethral personality
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male could never really feel heterosexually potent - character style
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urethral personality
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oedipal complex takes place - character style
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phallic personality
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will develop neurosis - character style
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phallic personality
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sexualized pattern - character style
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phallic personality
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adults may seek to look sexually attractive to the opposite sex - character style
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phallic personality
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self-centered and egotistical - character style
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phallic personality
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tendency to look for quick successes of their own - character style
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urethral personality
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built their competitiveness on a strong underlying sense of inferiority - character style
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urethral personality
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strive to overcome personal doubt - character style
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urethral personality
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bid to achieve something usually unsuccessful because they crumble when the going gets rough or they are placed on the spot in having to perform - character style
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urethral personality
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male could never really feel heterosexually potent - character style
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urethral personality
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oedipal complex takes place - character style
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phallic personality
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will develop neurosis - character style
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phallic personality
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sexualized pattern - character style
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phallic personality
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adults may seek to look sexually attractive to the opposite sex - character style
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phallic personality
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self-centered and egotistical - character style
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phallic personality
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glamour-girl and don juan type - character style
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phallic personality
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love is more colored by lust than affection - character style
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phallic personality
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may masturbate when upset or tense - character style
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phallic personality
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strive to be revolutionary rather than accepting - character style
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phallic personality
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sexual promiscuity is the major feature - character style
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phallic personality
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masculinity complex - character style
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phallic personality
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drives associated with sexual instincts. impel people toward the preservation and reproduction of the organism
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libido
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emphasizes the importance of environmental or situational, deteminants of behavior
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behaviorist approach
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behavior is the result of continuous interaction between personal and environmental variables
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behaviorist approach
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aka social learning or social cognitive approach
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behaviorist approach
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humans should be understood in terms of their own view of the world
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holistic approach/ humanistic approach
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3 things to consider in humanistic approach
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1. human choice
2. creativity 3. self-actualization |
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humans are basically good
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humanistic approach
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empirical approach related to how people process information about themselves and the world
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cognitive approach
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personality differences stem from different mental functions
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cognitive approach
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collective name for structures in the human brain that is involved in emotion, motivation, and emotional association with memory
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limbic system
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humans should be understood in terms of their own view of the world
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holistic approach/ humanistic approach
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components of limbic system
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1. amygdala
2. cingulate gyrus 3. fornicate gyrus 4. hippocampus 5. mamillary bodies 6. nucleus accumbens 7. orbitofrontal cortex 8. parahippocampal gyrus |
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3 things to consider in humanistic approach
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1. human choice
2. creativity 3. self-actualization |
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plays an important roles in motivation and emotion
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limbic system
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humans are basically good
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humanistic approach
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important in processing all emotional stimuli
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limbic system
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empirical approach related to how people process information about themselves and the world
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cognitive approach
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personality differences stem from different mental functions
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cognitive approach
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plays a central role in fear conditioning and unconscious emotional memories
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amygdala
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collective name for structures in the human brain that is involved in emotion, motivation, and emotional association with memory
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limbic system
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components of limbic system
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1. amygdala
2. cingulate gyrus 3. fornicate gyrus 4. hippocampus 5. mamillary bodies 6. nucleus accumbens 7. orbitofrontal cortex 8. parahippocampal gyrus |
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plays an important roles in motivation and emotion
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limbic system
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important in processing all emotional stimuli
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limbic system
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plays a central role in fear conditioning and unconscious emotional memories
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amygdala
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damage to this structure: difficulty being conditioned to fear stimuli and difficulty in remembering past conditioned fear responses
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amygdala
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contributes to the differences to fear emotions
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amygdala
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associated with arousal of approach-related behavior
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left dominance
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associated with the arousal of withdrawal-related emotion
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right dominance
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individuals with damage to their ___ brain region are likely to become depressed
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left-anterior
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those with damage of the ___ region are likely to become manic
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right-anterior
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central to the functioning of the reward system
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dopamine
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also involved in the regulation of mood
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serotonin
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alleviate depression through the prolongation of the action of serotonin
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selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
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affects heart rate, blood pressure and energy level
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norepinephrine
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high levels of norepinephrine will cause
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1. more anxious
2. dependent 3. sociable |
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low levels of norephinephrine will cause
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1. less inhibited
2. more repulsive 3. socially detached 4. nonconformers |
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controls body movements
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dopamine
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thought to affect sociability and general activity level
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dopamine
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related to extraversion and impulsivity
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dopamine
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involved in inhibition of behavioral and emotional impulses
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serotonin
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low level of serotonin effects
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1. irrational anger
2. serotonin depletion 3. hypersensitivity to rejection 4. pessimism 5. obssesive worry 6. fear of risk-taking |
