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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is delirium?
Acute confusional state with clouding of consciousness.
Can be fluctuant
Onset in hours/days
What is dementia?
Global cognitive impairment
Decline in higher functions - memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capability, language and judgment)
How long does it take to diagnose dementia?
>6 months for confirmed diagnosis
Main types of risk in risk assessment
Risk to self (suicide, self-harm, neglect)
Risk to others (dependents e.g. children)
Risk to health (non-adherence to medication)
What is Beck's suicide scale?
1. Preparation (advance planning e.g. stockpiling Rx; suicide note; final acts e.g. will)
2. Circumstances (alone; intervention unlikely; took precautions against discovery)
3. After the act (Did not seek help; expressed wish to die; Believed act would be fatal; regrets failure)
Main symptoms of depression
Low mood
Anhedonia
Lethargy
Beck's cognitive triad
Negative thoughts about:
Self
World/environment
Future (hopelessness)
Risk factors for deliberate self harm
Female
Age group 16-24
Recent stressful life event
Personality disorder
Areas w/ high unemployment, overcrowding etc
1st rank symptoms in schizophrenia
A: auditory hallucinations
B: thought broadcasting
C: controlled thought
D: delusional perception
Examples of thought manipulation in schizophrenia
thought withdrawal
thought insertion
thought broadcasting
Symptoms of alcohol dependency
Tolerance
Withdrawal/use to prevent withdrawal
Compulsion
Use despite harm
Difficulties controlling use
Reinstatement after abstinence
Narrowed repetoire
Primacy
Bleuler's 4A's of schizoprehnia
Associative loosening (incoherence of thought)
Ambivalence (experiencing 2 emotions at once)
Affective incongruity
Autism (self-absorption and withdrawal into fantasy world)
Differential diagnosis for schizophrenia
Drug induced (amphetamines, LSD, cannabis)
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Encephalitis
Dementia
Neurosyphilis
Mania
Risk factors for schizophrenia
Low birth weight
Maternal influenza
FH
Obstetric complications
Male sex + older father
Substance misuse
Social deprivation
Urban birth
Low IQ
How do you manage psychiatric conditions?
Bio
Psycho
Social
Management of schizophrenia
Bio - antipsychotics, drug and alcohol detox, ECT
Psycho - CBT, compliance therapy, community psychiatric nurse (CPN), supportive psychotherapy
Social - community alcohol team (CAT), financial help (benefits, DAL), housing assistance, social worker
Symptoms of anxiety
Dyspnoea + air hunger
Palpitations
Sweating
Dry mouth
Chest pain/discomfort
Differentials for mania
Psychotic disorders - bipolar, schizophrenia
Illicit drugs - stimulants e.g. cocaine, meth
Rx - steroids, isoniazid, SSRIs, L-dopa
Thyrotoxicosis
Renal failure
Cerebral insults - neoplasm, infarcts
Main types of dementia
Alzheimer's
Vascular dementia
Lewy body
Fronto-temporal
Huntingdon's
DDx for dementia
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Korsakoff's syndrome
Pseudodementia
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Wilson's disease
Vitamin B12/folate/niacin deficiency
Hypothyroidism
Autoimmune: SLE, GCA, neurosarcoid
CNS trauma: diffuse axonal injury, dementia pugilistica
What is the screening tool for anorexia called?
SCOFF
S - do you make yourself SICK when you feel uncomfortably full
C - worry you've lost CONTROL over how much/what you eat
O - Lost more than ONE stone in 3 months
F - think you're FAT when people say you're too thin
F - does FOOD dominate your life?
Characteristics noted in anorexia nervosa
Deliberate weight loss + restricted food intake
Weight <85% predicted (BMI <17.5)
Dread of gaining weight + impaired self image
Amenorrhoea for 3 months or more
Physical Sx of anorexia
Fatigue
Hypothermia
Hypotension + slow pulse
Peripheral oedema
Lanugo hair
Delay in secondary sexual characteristics
Characteristics of bulimia
Intense preoccupation w body image
Repetitive episodes of binge eating
Ritualistic preoccupation with food
Russel's sign
Cycle of counteractive extreme weight control (self-induced vomiting, laxative/diuretic abuse, fasting, excessive exercise)
Sx of PTSD
Re-experiencing
Avoidance
Hyperarousal
Impaired social functioning
Tests undertaken before starting lithium therapy
FBC
U&Es
TFTs
pregnancy test
ECG
Risk factors for Li toxicity
Dehydration
Diuretics, NSAIDs, anti-epileptics, CCBs, ACE-i
Low salt diets
Abnormal TFTs and U&Es