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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of mood disorders?
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primary disturbance in mood causing subjective distress and occupation or social problems
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What are the different types of mood disorders?
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• major depressive disorder
• bipolar I & II disorders • dysthymic disorder • cyclothymic disorder |
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What are psychosocial causes of depression?
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• loss of a parent in the first decade of life
• loss of hope • low self-esteem • misinterpretation of life events • social loss during adult life |
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What are medical conditions associated with depression?
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• cancers
• endocrinologic abnormalities (ex. thyroid, Cushing's) • infectious disease (ex. PNA, influenza, mono, HIV) • neurologic illness (ex. Parkinsons, MS, strokes) • nutrition deficiency • prescription drugs (ex. methyldopa, propanolol, reserpine, steroids) • renal & cardiopulmonary disease |
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What are psychiatric conditions associated with depression?
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• anxiety disorders
• drug & alcohol abuse and withdrawal • eating disorders • schizophrenia |
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What are different classes of drugs used to treat depression?
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• heterocyclic (or Tricyclic) antidepressants
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) • SSRIs • other |
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List examples of heterocyclic antidepressants
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• Amytriptyline (Elavil)
• Clomipramine (Anafranil) • Desipramine (Norpramin) • Imipramine (Toffranil) |
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Which heterocyclic is used in depression with insomnia?
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Amytriptyline (Elavil)
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Which heterocyclic is used for obsessive-compulsive disorder?
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Clomipramine (Anafranil)
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Which heterocyclic is used for depression in the elderly, anorexia, and bulemia?
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Desipramine (Norpramin)
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Which heterocyclic is used to treat panic disorder with agoraphobia, enuresis, anorexia, and bulemia?
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Imipramine (Toffranil)
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List examples of SSRIs
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• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Paroxetine (Paxil) • Sertraline (Zoloft) |
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Which class of antidepressants can be used to treat OCD, premature ejaculation, and panic disorder?
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SSRIs
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List examples of MAOIs
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• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Phenelzine (Nardil) • Tranylcypromine (Parnate) |
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Which class of antidepressants are used for atypical depression, panic disorder, eating disorder, & pain disorder?
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MAOIs
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List OTHER examples of antidepressants
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• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Amoxapine (Asendin) • Bupropion (Wellbutrin) • Nefazodone (Serzone) |
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Which antidepressant is used to treat anxiety with depression features?
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Alprazolam (Xanax)
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Which antidepressant is used to treat depression with psychotic features?
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Amoxapine (Asendin)
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Which antidepressant is used when a patient has intolerance to other antidepressants?
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Nefazodone (Serzone)
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Which antidepressant is used for the elderly and to help quit smoking?
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Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
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What are major side effects of heterocyclics?
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• anticholinergic effects
• cardiovascular effects (orthostatic hypotension) • sedation • weight gain |
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True/False: Antidepressants can be used for immediate treatment of acute depression
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• all antidepressants take 3-6 weeks to work
• The correct answer is: False |
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What are major side-effects of SSRIs?
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• activation and insomnia
• anticholinergic effects • cardiovascular effects • causes minor weight gain • particularly delayed orgasm in men • sexual problems |
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What are major side-effects of MAOIs?
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hypertensive crisis with ingestion of tyramine-rich foods (ex. aged cheese, beer, wine)
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Electroconvulsive therapy involves the induction of generalized seizures lasting 25 to 60 seconds. What are indications for using ECT?
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• used i nmajor depressive disorder refractory to antidepressants
• used when rapid resolution of symptoms is needed (because of suicide risk) |
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What is a major adverse effect of ECT?
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amnesia (usually remits within 6 months)
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What is a contraindication for ECT?
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increased ICP
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What is bipolar disorder?
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has episodes of both mania and major depression
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Differentiate between bipolar I and bipolar II
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• Bipolar I: patient has major depression followed by mania
• Bipolar II: patient has major depression followed by episode of hypomania |
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What is the DOC of the manic phase of bipolar?
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Lithium
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Which disorder has a worse prognosis, bipolar or major depressive disorder?
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bipolar disorder
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What is dysthymic disorder?
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• involves mild depression most of the time with no discrete episodes
• a constant depression |
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What is cyclothymic disorder?
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involves episodes of hypomania as well as mild depression
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How long do symptoms have to be present to be classified as either dysthymic or cyclothymic?
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at least 2 years
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A common differential diagnosis of dysthymic disorder is bereavement or adjustment disorder. How can you differentiate between dysthymic and bereavement or adjustment disorder?
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unlike dysthymic disorder, both bereavement or adjustment disorders have a clearly identifiable life stress that precipitate the depressive symptoms
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Differentiate between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder
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• major depressive: episodic and severe
• dysthymic: non-episode/chronic, less severe, never associated with psychosis |
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What is the most common age of onset for cyclothymic disorder?
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15-25 years old
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Dysthymic disorder is more common in which gender?
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female (2-3 times more common)
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Cyclothymic disorder is more common in which gender?
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cyclothymic disorder is seen equal in both
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What are the 2 most effective psychological treatments for dysthymic disorder?
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• cognitive therapy
• insight-oriented psychotherapy |
