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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anaclitic depression?
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Depression in an infant attributatble to continued separation from caregiver - can result in failure to thrive. Infant becomes withdrawn and unresponsive.
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Conduct disorder, which is continued behavior violating social norms, is labeled as what disease after 18 years of age?
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Antisocial personality disorder
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What is oppositional defiant disorder?
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Child is noncompliant in the absence of criminality
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What is Rett's disorder?
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An x-linked disorder seen only in girls (affected males die in utero). Characterized by loss of development and mental retardation appearing at approximately age 4. Stereotyped hand-wringing.
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What is childhood disintegrative disorder?
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Marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of apparently normal development. Significant loss of expressive or receptive language, social skills or adaptive behavior, bowel or bladder control, play, or motor skills. Onset at 2-10 years of age.
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What type of intracranial bleeding is associated with child abuse?
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Subdural (also retinal hemorrhage or deatchement)
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Who is the typical abuser in physical and sexual abuse?
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Physical: Usually female and the primary caregiver
Sexual: Known to victim, usually male |
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with anxiety?
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Increased NE, decreased GABA, decreased serotonin
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with Depression?
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Decreased NE, decreased serotonin
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with alzheimer's?
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Decreased ACh
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with Hungtington's disease?
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Decreased GABA and ACh
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with schizophrenia?
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Increased dopamine
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What neurotransmitter changes are associated with Parkinson's disease?
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Decreased dopamine, increased ACh
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What is the order of loss in disorientation?
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1st - Time
2nd - Place Last - Person (who he/she is) |
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What are:
Anosognosia Autotopagnosia Depersonalization |
Anosognosia - Lack of awareness that one is ill
Autotopagnosia - Inability to locate one's own body parts Depersonalization - Body seems unreal or dissociated Depersonalization |
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What's the difference between a hallucination, illusion, and delusion?
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Hallucination - Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
Illusion - Misinterpretation of actual external stimuli Delusions - False beliefs not shared with other members of culture/subculture that are firmly maintained in spite of obvious proof to the contrary |
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What is dissociative fugue?
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Dissociative fugue usually involves unplanned travel or wandering, and is sometimes accompanied by the establishment of a new identity. After recovery from fugue, previous memories usually return intact, however there is complete amnesia for the fugue episode. Importantly, an episode is not characterized as a fugue if it can be related to the ingestion of psychotropic substances, to physical trauma, to a general medical condition, or to psychiatric conditions such as delerium or dementia, bipolar disorder or depression.
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Olfactory hallucination often occurs with what disease?
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Occur as auras of a psychomotor epilepsy
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What are two situations associated with tactile hallucinations (e.g. bugs crawling on one's skin)?
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Common in delirium tremens (associated with alcohol withdrawl). Also seen in cocaine abusers ("cocaine bugs")
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What are the names of hallucinations that occur while goign to sleep and while waking from sleep? (Mnemonic)
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HypnaGOgic - Hallucinations while GOing to sleep
Hypnopompic - Hallucinations while awaking from sleep |
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What's the difference between schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder?
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Schizophreniform disorder = schizophrenia symptoms lasting less than 6 months
Schizoaffective disorder = schizophrenia plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed episodes. |
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During manic episodes, three of the following symptoms are present: (Mnemonic)
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(Manics DIG FAST)
Distractibility Irresponsibility Grandiosity Flight of ideas Activity increase / psychomotor Agitation Sleep decrease Talkativeness or pressured speech |
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What's a hypomanic episode?
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Like manic episode except mood distrubance is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social and/or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization. There are no psychotic features.
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What is cyclothymic disorder?
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A milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years
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Major depressive episodes are characterized by 5 of the following for at least 2 weeks: (Mnemonic)
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"SIG E CAPS"
Sleep disturbance Interest loss (anhedonia) Guilt Energy loss Concentration loss Appetite change Psychomotor retardation Suicidal ideation (and depressed mood) |
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What is dysthymia?
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Milder but chronic form of depression lasting at least 2 years
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What are risk factors for suicide completion? (Mnemonic)
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("SAD PERSONS")
Sex (male) Age (teenager or elderly) Depression Previous attempt Ethanol or drug use Rational thinking loss Sickness Organized plan No spouse Social support lacking Women try more often men succeed more often |
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Electroconvulsive therapy is used for what disorder?
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Major depressive disorder refractive to other treatment
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What are Gamophobia, algophobia, and acrophobia?
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Gamophia = fear of marriage
Algophobia = fear of pain Acrophobia = fear of heights |
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What is the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD?
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Acute stress disorder lasts 2-4 weeks while PTSD lasts > 1 month
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What is pseudocyesis?
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False belief of being pregnant associated with objective physical signs of pregnancy
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What's the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary gain?
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Primary gain - What the symptom does for the patient's internatl psychic economy
Secondary - what the symptom gets the patient (sympathy, attention) Tertiary - What the caretaker gets (like an MD on an interesting case) |
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What are characteristics of Cluster A personality disorder?
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"Weird" - Odd or eccentric, cannot develop menaingful social relationships. No psychosis; genetic association with schizophrenia
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What are 3 cluser A personality disorders?
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Paranoid
Schizoid - voluntary social withdrawl, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation (unlike avoidant) Schizotypal - interpersonal awkwardness, odd beliefs or magical thinking, eccentric appearance |
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What are characteristics of Cluster B personality disorders?
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"Wild" (Bad to the Bone)
Dramatic, emotional, or erratic. Genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse. |
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what are 4 cluser B personality disorders?
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Antisocial (sociopath)
Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
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What is the main defense mechanism of paranoid personality disorder?
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Projection
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What is the main defense mechanism of borderline personality disorder?
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Splitting
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What are teh characteristics of Cluster C personality disorders?
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"Worried" (Chattering teeth)
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What are 3 Cluster C personality disorder?
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Avoidant - sensitive to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy
Obsessive compulsive Dependent - Submissive and clinging, excessive need to be taken care of, low self-confidence |
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How long can marijuana be detected in the urine?
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1 month
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What are 2 drugs used in opioid overdose?
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Naloxene, naltrexone - competetively inhibit opioids and are used in cases of overdose
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What is delirium tremens and what are the symptoms? How do you treat it?
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Life threatening alcohol withdrawl syndrome that peaks 2-5 days after last drink. In order of appearance - autonomic system hyperactivity (tachycardia, tremors, anxiety), psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, dellusions), confusion. Treat with benzodiazepines.
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The triad of confusion, opthalmoplegia, and ataxia is associated with...
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - B1 (thiamine) deficiency, common in malnourished alcoholics.
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What IQs are associated with mental retardation and severe mental retardation?
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MR: IQ < 70
severe MR: IQ < 40 Profound MR: IQ < 20 |
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What is transference and countertransference?
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Transference - Patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician (e.g. psychiatrist = parent)
Countertransference - Doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patient |
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What's the difference between the Id, the Ego, and the Superego?
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Id - Primal urges (Id = Instinct = I want it)
Ego - Mediator between the unconscious mind and the external world. The ego "resists" (deals with the conflict. "Take it and you will get into trouble") Superego - Moral values, conscience. Can lead to self-blame and attacks on ego. |
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What is the difference between the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious?
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Conscious - What you are aware of
Preconscious - What you are able to make conscious with effort (e.g. your phone number) Unconscious - What you are not aware of. The central goal of Freudian psychoanalysis is to make the patient aware of what is hidden in his/her unconscious |
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What ego defense is this:
Unacceptable feelings and thoughts are expressed through actions (e.g. tantrums) |
Acting out
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What ego defense is this:
Temporaroy, drastic changes in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress |
Dissociation
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What ego defense is this:
Avoidance of awareness of some painful reality |
Denial (a common reaction in newly diagnosed AIDS and cancer patients)
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What ego defense is this:
Process whereby avoided ideas and feelings are transferred to some neutral person or object (e.g. mother yells at child because she is angry at her husband) |
Displacement
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What ego defense is this:
Partially remaining at a more childish level of development |
Fixation (e.g. men fixating on sports games)
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What ego defense is this:
Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (though not necessarily admired |
Identification (e.g. abused child becomes abuser)
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What ego defense is this:
Separation of feelings from ideas and events (e.g. describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response) |
Isolation
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What ego defense is this:
An unacceptable internal impulse is attributed to an external source (e.g. a man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him) |
Projection
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What ego defense is this:
Proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self blame (e.g. after getting fired, claiming that the job was not important anyway) |
Rationalization
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What ego defense is this:
Process whereby a warded-off idea or feeling is replaced by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite (e.g. a patient with libidinous thoughts enters a monastery). |
Reaction formation
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What ego defense is this:
Turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world |
Regresssion - seen in children under stress (e.g. bedwetting) and in patients on dialysis (e.g. crying)
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What ego defense is this:
Involuntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness |
Repression - the basic mechanism underlying all other ego defenses
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What ego defense is this:
Believing that all people are either all good or all bad (e.g. a patient says that all the nurses are cold and insensitive and that the doctors are warm and friendly) |
Splitting
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What ego defense is this:
Guilty feelings are alleviated by unsolicited generosity towards others (e.g. mafia boss makes large donation to charity) |
Altruism
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What ego defense is this:
Appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation |
Humor
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What ego defense is this:
Process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one's value system |
Sublimation (e.g. aggressive impulses used to succeed in business ventures)
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What ego defense is this:
Voluntary (unlike repression) withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (e.g. choosing not to think about the USMLE until the week of the exam) |
Suppression
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What are the mature ego defenses? (Mnemonic)
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("Mature women wear a SASH")
Sublimation Altruism Suppression Humor |
