Psych314 Chapter 5

Front 1

self- concept

Back 1

our knowledge about who we are

Front 2

self- awareness

Back 2

the act about thinking about ourselves

Front 3

self- reference effect

Back 3

tendency to remember things better if we encode that information in terms of ourselves

Front 4

The function of the self

Back 4

organizational
emotional
executive- regulates behavior, choices and plans for the future

Front 5

Independent self

Back 5

a way of defining oneself in term's of one's own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of other people

Front 6

interdependent self

Back 6

a way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other people; recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others

Front 7

relational interdependence

Back 7

a focus on interpersonal relationships with close others
(women have more relational interdependence)

Front 8

collective interdependence

Back 8

a focus of membership in larger groups (e.g. nationality, greek, membership)
men focus more on collective interdependence

Front 9

snyder's self-monitoring scale
self- monitoring

Back 9

the degree one regulates their behavior to match the situation

Front 10

private self-conciousness

Back 10

adherence to personal standards of behavior

Front 11

public self-conciousness

Back 11

concern with how others judge you

Front 12

introspection

Back 12

the process of looking inward and examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives

Front 13

Csikzentmihalyi & Figurski, 1992

Back 13

- 107 employees wore beepers for one week, which went off at random intervals between 7:30 am- 10:30 pm
- when beeper went off, participants answered questions about their activities, thoughts, and moods
- thoughts about self surprisingly infrequent, most thoughts about work, "no thoughts" or time.

Front 14

self- awareness theory

Back 14

when we focus attention on ourselves, we evaluate and compare our current behavior to our internal standards and values

Front 15

Wilson et al, 1993

Back 15

Participants rated 5 posters: 2 'art' posters, 3 humorous animal posters
- Ps told that they could choose a poster to take home with them
IV: list 5 reasons for poster choice vs don't list
DVs: poster choice, liking for choice, liking at follow up 25 days later
- those who listed chose humorous poster
- those who listed were less satisfied with their choice 25 days later

Front 16

Nisbett and Wilson, 1977

Back 16

4 identical paris of nylon stockings
- Ps asked to choose a stocking and state why
- stockings on right preferred by factor of 4-1
- we are usually aware of the final result of our thought processes but are often unaware of the cognitive processing that led to the result

Front 17

Self- perception theory- Bem, 1972

Back 17

When we are uncertain of our attitudes or feelings, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs
- we watch our behavior
- we generate explanations
we infer internal feelings, attitudes,etc
- attributions play a key role

Front 18

misattribution of arousal

Back 18

step 1. experience physiological arousal
step 2. seek appropriate label-- why an i aroused?
-- self- perception can cause us to attribute our arousal to the wrong source and experience mistaken or exaggerated emotions.

Front 19

Schacter and Singer (1962)

Back 19

Ps injected with epinephrine or placebo
IV1: a. 1/2 told true side effects: rapid breathing, increased BP
b. 1/2 told wrong side effects: dizziness, headache
IV2:
condition 1: confederate acted angry (ripped up questionnaire)
condition 2: confederate acted euphoric (threw paper airplanes)
- Those told true side effects knew where to attribute arousal and acted calm; however, those who were told wrong side effects were confused and acted as confederates did.

Front 20

Dutton & Aron (1974)

Back 20

- An attractive woman asked men if they would fill out a questionnaire for her
IV: just crossed scary bridge vs had chance to rest
-- Ps asked right after crossing more likely to call women back as they are more likely to attribute their physical arousal with physical attraction to the woman.

Front 21

social comparison theory

Back 21

we learn about our abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to others

Front 22

upward social comparison

Back 22

comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are on a particular trait or ability (when we seek to do better)

Front 23

downward social comparison

Back 23

comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a particular trait or ability (when we want to make ourselves feel better)

Front 24

Social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954)

Back 24

- we want to make accurate assessments about our abilities and opinions
- when no objective comparison is available we compare ourselves to similar others

Front 25

impression management

Back 25

creating a certain impression that fits your goal (the attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen)

Front 26

self- promotion

Back 26

flattering me (tendency to focus on and present flattering information about the self and limiting neg. info)

Front 27

ingratiation

Back 27

flattering you

Front 28

self- handicapping

Back 28

when we engage in actions that produce obstacles to success so we have an excuse when we fail (2 ways to self- handicap; actually doing it, or coming up with an excuse)

Front 29

social identity theory

Back 29

part of self- concept is derived from being part of a social group- enhances self- esteem

Front 30

optimal distinctiveness theory

Back 30

brewer (1991): on being the same and different at the same time
- social identity comes from a tension between the needs for inclusion and uniqueness

Front 31

self- schemas

Back 31

mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about themselves and that influence what they notice, think about, and remember about themselves

Front 32

possible selves

Back 32

goals and roles to which we aspire

Front 33

self esteem

Back 33

the evaluation we make of ourselves

Front 34

self- discrepancies

Back 34

differences between how we actually are and how we ideally want to be or ought to be

Front 35

self- regulation

Back 35

self- regulatory resource model- the idea that people have a limited amount of energy to devote to self-control and that spending it on one task limits the amount that can be spent on another task

Front 36

working self-complex

Back 36

which aspect of the self is activated depends on the situation

Front 37

self-complexity

Back 37

simple vs complex