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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The dementia associated with _________ results from a series of small strokes.
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multi-infarct
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Dementia occurs in about _____ of the elderly over 65.
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15%
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Birren wanted to seperate the effects of primary and secondary aging so he set out to study extremely healthy men. He found that...
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Some participants actually had mild disease. Primary aging is associated with psychomotor slowing. Only secondary aging was associated with lower cognitive test scores. (Answer is all of the above)
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Which of the forms of dementia can be reversible?
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Delerium
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Internal validity is a concept that refers to the degree to which a piece of research allows one to:
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draw unambiguous conclusions
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Higher doeses of antioxidants, such as Vitamin E, are recommended by proponents of the _______ theory of aging.
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Free radical
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Using animal subjects, life expectancy is higher under conditions involving
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severe caloric restriction
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Which of the following is NOT a common age change in visual functioning?
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High presbycusis
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Which of the following age groups was probably most affected by the experience of the Vietnam War?
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Individuals that were adolescence or young adults during the war
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Which of the following factors help to explain why ageism is so widespread?
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Youth oriented society, the Detroit Syndrome, and Lack of contact between age groups (answer is all of the above)
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Which of the following is NOT discussed in the text as part of the contributing causes of Alzheimer's?
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Dopamine
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The organismic model places most emphasis on
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Qualitative change
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If we interpret the results of the cross-sectional study as age related changes we can be
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confounding age differences and cohort effects
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A psychologist who sees human adults as primary passive and responsive to environment is a proponent of the _______ model
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mechanistic
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The degree to which we can generalize the results of a single study to our understanding of human adulthood is a measure of:
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External Validity
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In Alzheimer's, which of the following areas of the brain are heavily concentrated with plaques and tangles?
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Hippocampus
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A researcher is interested in the effects of the number of visitors on a patient's life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is called...
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Dependant variable
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The degree to which a questionaire measures what is it supposed to measure
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validity
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Free radical theory involved molecules within a cell giving a violent reaction when they encounter:
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oxygen
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Experimentor Morality:
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Subjects do not return for subsequent measures
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Normal, disease free movement across adulthood is termed ____ aging.
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Primary
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Functional assessments is (are):
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Evaluations of the basic abilities needed to adequately function in society
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The idea that aging is genetically controlled is proposed by _____ theories of aging.
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Programmed
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Accommodation is the ability to:
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Focus on objects to varying distances
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In the typical longitudinal design, all of the following are possible explanations of the results EXCEPT:
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Cohort differences
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Attending kindergarten is best described as:
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normative age-graded influence on change
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Visual changes occur with aging makes it difficult to discriminate
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blue from green
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There is some evidence that individuals become more ____ as the become older
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androgynous
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Data income and health differences amoung European, African American, and Latino older adults support the _____ hypothesis of aging and ethnicity
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Double Jeopardy
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Which of the following is a threat to external validity of a longitudinal design?
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Use of only one cohort
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__________ is an age related cardiovascular change that results from stiffing of the coronary artery walls
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Arteriosclerosis
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What is not a component of successful aging?
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Dealing with social disengagement
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Deterioration of the substantia nugra which leads to a reduction in dopamine is responsible for
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Parkinson's Disease
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In cross-sectional developmental studies, random selection of subjects usually tend to
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Maximize cohort effects
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Damaged and dying neutrons that collect around a core of protein, produce?
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Plaques
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Women may have a less difficult time with aging than men because:
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Women fare fewer transitions in life because of their domestic roles
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Which of the following statements about health is false?
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The incident of acute illness increasing with age
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Normative age-graded factors are most likely to influence development during:
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Infancy and very old age
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The component of Type A by pattern that is most related to heart disease and other diseases is:
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Hostility
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Cross-sectional research involved measuring the bx of:
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2 cohort at one point of time
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As the people in a socity improve their diet and exercize habits, would you expect the maximum longetivity of the society to increase/decrease/remain constant?
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Remain constant
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Which of the following can never be an independent variable?
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Age
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When drawing conclusions based on data gathered from developmental research, the major goal is to seperate the effects of:
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Age changes, cohort difference, and time measurement
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Development can be described as:
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Involving gain and loss throughout ones life
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Longitudinal studies of intelligence and initial ability level have shown?
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the people who score highest at the beginning of the study show the same amount of decline as the people who scores less well
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Which aspect is most likey to show declines?
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capacity
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Epigenetic principal in Erikson's theory means that...
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each psychosocial crisis has its own special time of importance
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Research on the effect of practive on reaction time performance of younger and older adults who that
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performance imporves, but age difference remains
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Aspect of clinical depression that could have different meaning in older adults...
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change in sleeping pattern
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Reigal documented that there's a sharp deterioration in intellidence prior to death called...
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terminal drop
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Not a function disorder in elderly...
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Parkinson's Disease
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Cross sectional studies of intellidence tend to show ____ when compared to longitudinal studies of intelligence
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large age related declines in performance
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Items remain in working memory through...
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role rehearsal
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According the the BIG 5 model, which of the following is not a major dimension of personality?
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rigidity
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Horn and Cattel believe that crystallized intelligence increases during adulthood because it reflects...
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cumulative effects of learning experiences
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Reminiscence Bump refers to older adults' tendency to recall memories from...
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late adolescence and early childhood
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Baltes' new selective optimization with compensation as a strategy for....
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successful aging
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Which is not true about meta-memory of older adults?
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Older adults self-reports of the frequency of everyday memory problems is related to objectivity measured laboratory memory performance
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It has been hypothesized that with advanced age, the nervous system takes longer to recover from stimulation. This is referred to as...
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stimulus persistence
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Schaie's sequential research on primary mental abilities reveals...
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little practical decline after age 60
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Primary source of data for Levinson's study of mid-life crisis was collected from...
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expansive interviews with 40 men and 4 occupations
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Being able to maintain attention while performing a task over a long period of time is known as
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vigilance
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Research on developmental trends in pernial operations shows that...
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some adults never attain this level
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Earliest step in info. processing is...
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sensory memory
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Which of Levenson's femal subjects seemed to be experiencing mid-life crisis at age 40
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interdependents
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Jung proposes that in middle age there is a tendency for
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men to become more feminine
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Compared to recall tasks, recognition tasks
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show less age related declines
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Lekman found, exceptional professional achievement to be highest during
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early adulthood
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Baltes have trained older adults to improve their performance on fluid intelligence by the concept of
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plasticity
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Tendency for nonverbal performance abilities to deteriorate more rapidly than verbal abilities
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classical aging pattern
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Pragmatics of mind...
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mental software
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Erickson's theory, which is characteristic of middle adulthood
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generativity vs. stagnation
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According to Jung, which increases with age for both men and women..
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introversion
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Which is a valid critism of Erickson's theory?
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ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Greatest age-related decrements
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encoding
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Longitudinal study when an individuals personality compared to others of their cohort remains fairly constant, is referred to as
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normative stability
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Which may result in sensory loss...
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paranoia
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Risk factors for depression in older adults
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ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Psychopathology...
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ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Gutman believes that: personality is most sex-typed in young adulthood because of
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parental imperative
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Erickson's 9th stage...
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gero-transendence
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Studies show of selective attention - have shown that older adults have more difficulty tuning out irrelevant info...
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stroop test
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Older adults seem to have deficits on many skills, yet continue to perform well on complex, well practiced tests because of
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compensation
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Which is false?
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Age declines are greater for semantic than episodic
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Which is true?
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ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Which is true of post-formal thought?
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emotion is integrated with logic to solve problems
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______ is found more often in elderly and is a minor depression that is characterized by lack of interest and feeling that everybody is an
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depletion syndrome
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